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BOC Prep > Elbow & Forearm > Flashcards

Elbow & Forearm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the important proximal anatomical parts of the humerus?

A
  • Head of humerus
  • Greater tuberosity
  • Lesser tuberosity
  • Neck (anatomical & surgical)
  • Deltoid tuberosity
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2
Q

What are the important distal anatomical parts of the humerus?

A
  • Medial epicondyle
  • Lateral epicondyle
  • Trochlea
  • Capitulum
  • Radial fossa
  • Coronoid fossa
  • Olecranon fossa
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3
Q

What are the important anatomical parts of the ulna?

A
  • Olecranon
  • Trochlear notch
  • Coronoid process
  • Radial notch
  • Ulnar tuberosity
  • Styloid process
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4
Q

What are the important anatomical parts of the radius?

A
  • Head of the radius
  • Neck of radius
  • Radial tuberosity
  • Styloid process
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5
Q

What are the 3 joints at the elbow?

A

Ulnohumeral joint
Radio humeral joint
Proximal radioulnar joint

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6
Q

What are parts of the elbow joint capsule?

A

Synovial sheath/fluid
Synovial lining
Articulate cartilage

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7
Q

What is the articulation at the elbow?

A

Middle radioulnar joint

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8
Q

Are all the elbow joints in one joint capsule?

A

Yes

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9
Q

What is normal elbow ROM extension?

A

-5 (10) degrees to 0 degrees

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10
Q

What is normal elbow ROM flexion?

A

0 degrees to 150 degrees

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11
Q

What is normal elbow ROM pronation?

A

0 (neutral) degrees to 90 degrees

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12
Q

What is normal elbow ROM supination?

A

0 (neutral) degrees to 90 degrees

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13
Q

What is elbow carrying angle?

A

The valgus relationship between the upper and lower arm

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14
Q

What is attributed to cause carrying angle?

A

The relationship between humerus & ulna

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15
Q

What are normal carrying angles?

A

Males are 5-10 degrees
- pitchers may be >15 degrees in throwing arm
Females are 10-15 degrees

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16
Q

What shape is made with the Olecranon process and lateral/medial epicondyle at 90 degree elbow flexion?

A

And isosceles triangle

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17
Q

What shape is made with the Olecranon process and lateral/medial epicondyle at 0 degree elbow flexion?

A

A straight line

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18
Q

What are the 3 elbow ligaments?

A

Ulnar Collateral Ligament (3 parts)
Radial Collateral Ligament
Annular Ligament

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19
Q

What are the 3 parts of the UCL?

A

Anterior
Posterior
Transverse (inferior)

20
Q

What does the anterior UCL do?

A

Primary UCL stabilizer against valgus stress

21
Q

When is the anterior UCL taut?

A

Extension

22
Q

When is the posterior UCL taut?

A

Flexion

23
Q

What does the transverse UCL act as?

A

It’s nonfunctional but is an attachment site

24
Q

What does the RCL do?

A

Stabilizes RH joint

25
Q

What does the annular ligament do?

A

Stabilizes RU joint

26
Q

What is a goose egg deformity?

A

When the Olecranon bursa bursts and causes a goose egg to form on the back of the elbow

27
Q

Does the elbow have an interosseus membrane?

A

Yes

28
Q

What does the interosseous membrane act as?

A

A point of attachment

29
Q

What are the bursa at the elbow?

A

Olecranon bursa
Biceps bursa

30
Q

What are the 3 elbow flexors?

A

Biceps Brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis

31
Q

What are the elbow extensors?

A

Triceps
Anconeus

32
Q

What muscles do supination?

A

Supinator
Biceps

33
Q

What muscles do pronation?

A

Pronator Teres
Pronator Quadratus

34
Q

What is the common flexor attachment site?

A

Medial epicondyle

35
Q

What are the forearm muscles for wrist and extrinsic finger flexion?

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus

36
Q

What is the common attachment site for the extensor supinator mass?

A

Lateral epicondyle

37
Q

What are the forearm muscles that act as extensors of the wrist and fingers?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum communi
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digiti minimi

38
Q

What are the borders of the antecubital fossa?

A

Superior- imaginary line between epicondyles
Lateral- brachioradialis
Medial- Pronator teres

39
Q

Where is the antecubital fossa?

A

The anterior part of elbow (elbow pit)

40
Q

Where is the cubital fossa?

A

The posterior portion of arm (the elbow)

41
Q

What nerves innervate the arm and forearm?

A

Musculocutaneous
Radial
Ulnar
Median

42
Q

What are the myotomes & dermatomes for the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Myo: coracobrachialis & biceps brachii
Derma: lateral forearm

43
Q

What are the myotomes & dermatomes for the radial nerve?

A

Myo: elbow, wrist, finger extensors
Derma: dorsal surface of thumb, index finger, long finger, radial 1/2 of ring finger

44
Q

What are the myotomes & dermatomes for the ulnar nerve?

A

Myo: FCU, ulnar 1/2 of FDP, hand intrinsics except thenar eminence

45
Q

What are the myotomes & dermatomes for the median nerve?

A

Myo: flexor pronator mass & thenar eminence
Derma: radial side of palmar surface of hand

46
Q

What three arteries go through the arm and forearm?

A

Brachial
Radial
Ulnar

47
Q

What pulses can you feel for in the arm and forearm?

A

Brachial
Radial
Ulnar (hardest to find)

BOC Prep (16 decks)

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