HAN 456 QUIZ 1 (SEM) Flashcards
ecology
the study of the environment
philosophical underpinnings - bronfrenbrenner
human development occurs through a process of complex back-and-forth interactions between things in a person’s immediate environment and these interactions must occur regularly over time in order to have an effect
interactions vary depending on characteristics of the child, environment, and developmental outcome
assumptions
- behaviors are influenced by intrapersonal, social, cultural, and physical environment
- variables are likely to interact
- need to address variables at multiple levels to understand and change health behaviors
core principles of health behavior
- multiple levels of factors influence health behaviors
- influences interact across levels
- multi-level interventions may be most effective in changing behavior
- social ecological models are most powerful when they are behavior specific
key concepts of health behavior
- there are multiple levels of influence over behavior
- reciprocal causation * can be applied to behavior change
SEM model constructs
- intrapersonal
- interpersonal
- institutional/organizational
- community
- societal (physical environment; cultural affiliations)
individual/intrapersonal level
- most basic level in health promotion
- focus is on individual characters that influence behavior
- requires the explanation of, and the influence over the behavior of individuals
intrapersonal factors
- knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, motivation, self concept, developmental history, experience, self efficacy, perceptions, personality and skills
- personal physical characteristics (gender identity, age, race, height, health status, weight, sexual orientation etc.)
interpersonal level
- assumes individuals exist within, and are influenced
- opinions, thoughts, behaviors, advice and support of surrounding people influences one’s feelings and behavior
- the individual has a reciprocal effect on those people
interpersonal level includes (ex):
family members
coworkers
friends
health professionals
spiritual leaders
ecological perspective - intrapersonal and interpersonal level
- behavior is mediated by cognitions (what people know and think affects how they act)
- knowledge is necessary, but not sufficient to produce most behavior changes
- perceptions, motivations, skills and the social environment are key influences on behavior
institutional [organizational] level
- provides direct services for individuals
- sets standards for member
- has characteristics
- may collaborate with other organizations
examples of institutional level
- worksite
- CBO
- places of worship
- schools
- healthcare providers
community level
consists of social networks - norms
examples of community level (can be defined by)
neighborhood
ethnicity
health profesisonals
societal level/public policy
local state, federal policies and laws that regulate or support health actions and practices
attention to interpretation and enforcement
example of societal level
how does one internalize the “no smoking on campus” regulations?
additional considerations - physical environment
man-made or natural environment
- serves as a medium for transmitting disease
- serves as a cause for stress
- serves as a source for safety or danger
- serves as an enabler for health behavior
cultural
a shared system of learned norms, beliefs, values and behaviors that differ across populations defined by region, nationality, ethnicity ore religion
