HAN 456 QUIZ 1 (SEM)

Question 1

ecology

Answer 1

the study of the environment

Question 2

philosophical underpinnings - bronfrenbrenner

Answer 2

human development occurs through a process of complex back-and-forth interactions between things in a person’s immediate environment and these interactions must occur regularly over time in order to have an effect

interactions vary depending on characteristics of the child, environment, and developmental outcome

Question 3

assumptions

Answer 3

• behaviors are influenced by intrapersonal, social, cultural, and physical environment
• variables are likely to interact
• need to address variables at multiple levels to understand and change health behaviors

Question 4

core principles of health behavior

Answer 4

1. multiple levels of factors influence health behaviors
2. influences interact across levels
3. multi-level interventions may be most effective in changing behavior
4. social ecological models are most powerful when they are behavior specific

Question 5

key concepts of health behavior

Answer 5

1. there are multiple levels of influence over behavior
2. reciprocal causation * can be applied to behavior change

Question 6

SEM model constructs

Answer 6

• intrapersonal
• interpersonal
• institutional/organizational
• community
• societal (physical environment; cultural affiliations)

Question 7

individual/intrapersonal level

Answer 7

• most basic level in health promotion
• focus is on individual characters that influence behavior
• requires the explanation of, and the influence over the behavior of individuals

Question 8

intrapersonal factors

Answer 8

• knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, motivation, self concept, developmental history, experience, self efficacy, perceptions, personality and skills
• personal physical characteristics (gender identity, age, race, height, health status, weight, sexual orientation etc.)

Question 9

interpersonal level

Answer 9

• assumes individuals exist within, and are influenced
• opinions, thoughts, behaviors, advice and support of surrounding people influences one’s feelings and behavior
• the individual has a reciprocal effect on those people

Question 10

interpersonal level includes (ex):

Answer 10

family members
coworkers
friends
health professionals
spiritual leaders

Question 11

ecological perspective - intrapersonal and interpersonal level

Answer 11

1. behavior is mediated by cognitions (what people know and think affects how they act)
2. knowledge is necessary, but not sufficient to produce most behavior changes
3. perceptions, motivations, skills and the social environment are key influences on behavior

Question 12

institutional [organizational] level

Answer 12

• provides direct services for individuals
• sets standards for member
• has characteristics
• may collaborate with other organizations

Question 13

examples of institutional level

Answer 13

• worksite
• CBO
• places of worship
• schools
• healthcare providers

Question 14

community level

Answer 14

consists of social networks - norms

Question 15

examples of community level (can be defined by)

Answer 15

neighborhood
ethnicity
health profesisonals

Question 16

societal level/public policy

Answer 16

local state, federal policies and laws that regulate or support health actions and practices

attention to interpretation and enforcement

Question 17

example of societal level

Answer 17

how does one internalize the “no smoking on campus” regulations?

Question 18

additional considerations - physical environment

Answer 18

man-made or natural environment
- serves as a medium for transmitting disease
- serves as a cause for stress
- serves as a source for safety or danger
- serves as an enabler for health behavior

Question 19

cultural

Answer 19

a shared system of learned norms, beliefs, values and behaviors that differ across populations defined by region, nationality, ethnicity ore religion