HAN 440 Quiz 1

Question 1

factors affecting community health

Answer 1

physical/environmental factors
social and cultural factors
community organization
individual behaviors

Question 2

physical factors

Answer 2

geography
environment
community size
industrial development

climate susceptibility, industry/city development

Question 3

social factors

Answer 3

community
economy
politics
social norms
socioeconomic status

Question 4

culture

Answer 4

beliefs, traditions, norms
religion

Question 5

community organization

Answer 5

influences a community’s ability to solve problems
avoids duplication of services
avoids solutions not in line with norms

Question 6

individual behavior

Answer 6

contributes to the overall health of the community
(ex: recycling, wearing seatbelt, immunization)

Question 7

Health Assessment and Planning Model

Answer 7

PRECEDE (assessment; phase 1-4)
PROCEED (implementation and evaluation; phase 5-8)

Question 8

phase 1

Answer 8

social assessment
- quality of life indicators

Question 9

phase 2

Answer 9

epidemiological assessment
- health indicators
- genetics
- behavior
- environment

Question 10

phase 3

Answer 10

education and ecological assessment
- predisposing, reinforcing, enabling factors

Question 11

phase 4

Answer 11

administrative and policy assessment and intervention alignment
- agency assessment and intervention development

Question 12

phase 5

Answer 12

implementation
(educational strategies)

Question 13

phase 6

Answer 13

process evaluation

Question 14

phase 7

Answer 14

impact evaluation

Question 15

phase 8

Answer 15

outcome evaluation

Question 16

PRECE phase 1

Answer 16

-social assessment
-assesses quality of life
-ensures all needs are met
-people are not denied opportunities to pursue happiness
-assists with program planning, identifies community’s social condition and perceptions

GOOD SES = GOOD HEALTH

Question 17

goal of needs assessment

Answer 17

to identify gaps between what exists and what ought to exist so that you can design a program to reduce those gaps

combines community concerns and data based evidence

Question 18

assessment

Answer 18

planned process
identifies reported needs (health professional perspective, community member perspective
types of needs (actual vs survival needs)

gauging opinions, assumptions, needs, key issues, assets

Question 19

community empowerment

Answer 19

social action process
promotes participation

Question 20

goals of community empowerment

Answer 20

increased individual and community control
political efficacy
improved quality of community life

Question 21

strategies that foster community empowerment

Answer 21

asset mapping and capacity analysis

Question 22

asset mapping

Answer 22

places focus on solutions rather than needs of deficiencies (map of what community already has)

Question 23

capacity analysis

Answer 23

measures the ability to ensure proposed outcomes (examining what community can achieve, given current assets and additional resources)

Question 24

assessment sources

Answer 24

prior studies and existing records (local, state, federal)
target population (**most valuable source of information)

Question 25

factors in considering assessment tools

Answer 25

purpose of assessment time constraints cost skills needed target audience sources of bias PTCSTS

Question 26

phase 1 tools - Asset Mapping and Capacity Analysis

Answer 26

assessment of capacities and skills of individuals, communities, and neighborhoods

Question 27

primary building blocks

Answer 27

things done locally/individual level (ex: local stores)

Question 28

secondary building blocks

Answer 28

controlled by outsiders (ex: chain stores, schools, hospitals)

Question 29

potential building blocks

Answer 29

sources of info/funds to a remote area, now giving it the potential to grow (ex: remote village, one store has potential to grow and improve community health)

Question 30

phase 1 tools - social reconnaissance

Answer 30

use of community leaders to determine relevant aspects of the social structure, processes, and needs of the community - identity felt needs - rank and prioritize needs and problems - organize the community - assist in the development of action plan **best method of getting community data

Question 31

phase 1 tools - forums and group discussions

Answer 31

representative sample non-threatening environment several standard techniques (nominal group process, focus group, community forum)

Question 32

phase 1 tools - nominal group process

Answer 32

- allows planners to quality and quantify specific needs of the target group - utilizes small groups (5-7) - write response to questions without discussion - NOT DEBATED - votes to select and prioritize items they feel are most important

Question 33

phase 1 tools - focus groups

Answer 33

- medium group, homogeneous on relevant characteristics - representative of the larger group - unstructured interview design - requires SKILLED MODERATOR (disadvantage) - opinions, behaviors and reactions are analyzed to draw conclusions abt larger group

Question 34

phase 1 tools - community forum

Answer 34

an open meeting with all interested persons invited to participate

Question 35

phase 1 tools - observation

Answer 35

- just looking at data - prone to observer bias - structured observation techniques have been developed to reduce the subjective bias of the observer

Question 36

phase 1 tools - surveys

Answer 36

- structured interviews - telephone surveys - mail-out questionnaires - delphi technique (series of questionnaires) - traditional knowledge tests

Question 37

structured interviews

Answer 37

- pre-selected questions - one on one - may include open ended - expresses more wide-ranging subjective impression and feelings

Question 38

telephone surveys

Answer 38

pre-selected questions over the phone

Question 39

mail-out questionnaires

Answer 39

- subject to ethical constraints of informed consent and confidentiality - accompanied with cover letter - should be as short as possible

Question 40

delphi technique

Answer 40

- multistep survey technique - embodies elements of nominal group process - broad questions, mailed to 10-15 people - average 3-5 surveys before consensus

Question 41

traditional knowledge test

Answer 41

- best as pre-post test instrument - administered face-to-face or via mail

Question 42

QOL indicators (social)

Answer 42

- crime - aesthetics - overcrowding - unemployment - poverty - social connectedness

Question 43

QOL indicators (health)

Answer 43

- self-perceived health - longevity - healthy behaviors - mental and physical illness - productivity