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HAN 333: exam 2 > HAN 440 Quiz 1 > Flashcards

HAN 440 Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

factors affecting community health

A

physical/environmental factors
social and cultural factors
community organization
individual behaviors

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2
Q

physical factors

A

geography
environment
community size
industrial development

climate susceptibility, industry/city development

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3
Q

social factors

A

community
economy
politics
social norms
socioeconomic status

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4
Q

culture

A

beliefs, traditions, norms
religion

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5
Q

community organization

A

influences a community’s ability to solve problems
avoids duplication of services
avoids solutions not in line with norms

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6
Q

individual behavior

A

contributes to the overall health of the community
(ex: recycling, wearing seatbelt, immunization)

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7
Q

Health Assessment and Planning Model

A

PRECEDE (assessment; phase 1-4)
PROCEED (implementation and evaluation; phase 5-8)

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8
Q

phase 1

A

social assessment
- quality of life indicators

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9
Q

phase 2

A

epidemiological assessment
- health indicators
- genetics
- behavior
- environment

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10
Q

phase 3

A

education and ecological assessment
- predisposing, reinforcing, enabling factors

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11
Q

phase 4

A

administrative and policy assessment and intervention alignment
- agency assessment and intervention development

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12
Q

phase 5

A

implementation
(educational strategies)

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13
Q

phase 6

A

process evaluation

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14
Q

phase 7

A

impact evaluation

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15
Q

phase 8

A

outcome evaluation

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16
Q

PRECE phase 1

A

-social assessment
-assesses quality of life
-ensures all needs are met
-people are not denied opportunities to pursue happiness
-assists with program planning, identifies community’s social condition and perceptions

GOOD SES = GOOD HEALTH

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17
Q

goal of needs assessment

A

to identify gaps between what exists and what ought to exist so that you can design a program to reduce those gaps

combines community concerns and data based evidence

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18
Q

assessment

A

planned process
identifies reported needs (health professional perspective, community member perspective
types of needs (actual vs survival needs)

gauging opinions, assumptions, needs, key issues, assets

19
Q

community empowerment

A

social action process
promotes participation

20
Q

goals of community empowerment

A

increased individual and community control
political efficacy
improved quality of community life

21
Q

strategies that foster community empowerment

A

asset mapping and capacity analysis

22
Q

asset mapping

A

places focus on solutions rather than needs of deficiencies (map of what community already has)

23
Q

capacity analysis

A

measures the ability to ensure proposed outcomes (examining what community can achieve, given current assets and additional resources)

24
Q

assessment sources

A

prior studies and existing records (local, state, federal)
target population (**most valuable source of information)

25
Q

factors in considering assessment tools

A

purpose of assessment
time constraints
cost
skills needed
target audience
sources of bias

PTCSTS

26
Q

phase 1 tools - Asset Mapping and Capacity Analysis

A

assessment of capacities and skills of individuals, communities, and neighborhoods

27
Q

primary building blocks

A

things done locally/individual level (ex: local stores)

28
Q

secondary building blocks

A

controlled by outsiders (ex: chain stores, schools, hospitals)

29
Q

potential building blocks

A

sources of info/funds to a remote area, now giving it the potential to grow (ex: remote village, one store has potential to grow and improve community health)

30
Q

phase 1 tools - social reconnaissance

A

use of community leaders to determine relevant aspects of the social structure, processes, and needs of the community
- identity felt needs
- rank and prioritize needs and problems
- organize the community
- assist in the development of action plan

**best method of getting community data

31
Q

phase 1 tools - forums and group discussions

A

representative sample
non-threatening environment
several standard techniques
(nominal group process, focus group, community forum)

32
Q

phase 1 tools - nominal group process

A
  • allows planners to quality and quantify specific needs of the target group
  • utilizes small groups (5-7)
  • write response to questions without discussion
  • NOT DEBATED
  • votes to select and prioritize items they feel are most important
33
Q

phase 1 tools - focus groups

A
  • medium group, homogeneous on relevant characteristics
  • representative of the larger group
  • unstructured interview design
  • requires SKILLED MODERATOR (disadvantage)
  • opinions, behaviors and reactions are analyzed to draw conclusions abt larger group
34
Q

phase 1 tools - community forum

A

an open meeting with all interested persons invited to participate

35
Q

phase 1 tools - observation

A
  • just looking at data
  • prone to observer bias
  • structured observation techniques have been developed to reduce the subjective bias of the observer
36
Q

phase 1 tools - surveys

A
  • structured interviews
  • telephone surveys
  • mail-out questionnaires
  • delphi technique (series of questionnaires)
  • traditional knowledge tests
37
Q

structured interviews

A
  • pre-selected questions
  • one on one
  • may include open ended
  • expresses more wide-ranging subjective impression and feelings
38
Q

telephone surveys

A

pre-selected questions over the phone

39
Q

mail-out questionnaires

A
  • subject to ethical constraints of informed consent and confidentiality
  • accompanied with cover letter
  • should be as short as possible
40
Q

delphi technique

A
  • multistep survey technique
  • embodies elements of nominal group process
  • broad questions, mailed to 10-15 people
  • average 3-5 surveys before consensus
41
Q

traditional knowledge test

A
  • best as pre-post test instrument
  • administered face-to-face or via mail
42
Q

QOL indicators (social)

A
  • crime
  • aesthetics
  • overcrowding
  • unemployment
  • poverty
  • social connectedness
43
Q

QOL indicators (health)

A
  • self-perceived health
  • longevity
  • healthy behaviors
  • mental and physical illness
  • productivity

HAN 333: exam 2 (10 decks)

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