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HAN 333: exam 2 > han 440 quiz 2 > Flashcards

han 440 quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

first 4 phases of the P/P model

A

social assessment
epidemiological assessment
administrative and policy assessment

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2
Q

what is the protocol if you mess up the sequence of the P/P model phases?

A

go back to the beginning, phase 1

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3
Q

what direction does the P/P model read

A

right to left and downwards

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4
Q

which phases of the P/P model are assessment

A

first 4 phases
- social assessment
- epidemiological assessment
- administrative and policy assessment

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5
Q

which phases of the P/P model are evaluation

A

last 3 phases
- process evaluation
- impact evaluation
- outcome evaluation

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6
Q

primary goal of the P/P model

A

to develop/implement and evaluate a community health program, which attempts to solve a specific problem in a community

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7
Q

tools for assessing phase 1 of the P/P model

A
  • observation
  • survey
  • structured interviews
  • telephone surveys
  • mail-out questionnaires
  • social reconnaissance
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8
Q

quality of life is identified by what three factors

A
  • poor social connectedness
  • fear
  • poor self concept (lacking self confidence)
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9
Q

after assessment of QOL issues, which issue should be tackled first by any agency within their consideration/resources? easiest or hardest?

A

easiest issue should be tackled first

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10
Q

in which phase of the P/P model is social assessment done?

A

phase 1 - quality of life

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11
Q

what is the best mean of gathering data for the social assessment?

A

social reconnaissance

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12
Q

in what phase of the P/P model do we take epidemiological assessment?

A

phase 2

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13
Q

what type of data is collected in the epidemiologic phase?

A

health
genetic
behavior
environment

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14
Q

what do you assess in phase 2 of the P/P model?

A

epidemiologic data

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15
Q

what are various behavioral indicators?

A

compliance
consumption patterns
preventative actions
coping
self care
utilization

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16
Q

what are the social indicators of QOL

A

crime
aesthetics
overcrowding
unemployment
poverty
social connectedness

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17
Q

what are the health indicators of QOL

A

self-perceived health
longevity
health behaviors
mental and physical illness
productivity

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18
Q

what should be the most important aspect to consider when funds are limited?

A

development of education programs

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19
Q

what should be the least important aspect to consider when the funds are limited

A

political unrest

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20
Q

what is target population?

A

the group of individuals that is conducted research upon to make a change

ex: pregnant women and children <5 living in Sub-Saharan Africa

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21
Q

under what circumstance an exception can be made while working with the target population?

A

when you are working in a lace where you can directly take patient data (ie: hospital)
- could be secondary data instead of primary data

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22
Q

how should you prioritize health issues to addressed after collecting data between the target population?

A

always prioritize the easiest health issue to address

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23
Q

what should be your approach if there is any discrepancy between TP Qol issues and the mission of your organization?

A

ensure that the mission of the organization aligns with quality of life and epidemiological data

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24
Q

what is the stage that comes after assessment phases?

A

implementation

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25
Q

what are environmental indicators

A

economic
physical
services
social

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26
Q

factors affecting community health

A

physical/environmental factors
social and cultural issues
community organization
individual behaviors

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27
Q

factors affecting community health - physical factors

A

geography
environment
community size
industrial development

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28
Q

factors affecting community health - social/cultural factors

A

community
economy
politics
social norms
socioeconomic status
beliefs, traditions, norms, religion

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29
Q

factors affecting community health - community organization

A

influences a community’s ability to solve problems
avoids duplication of services
avoids the imposition of solutions which may not be consistent with community/cultural needs or beliefs

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30
Q

factors affecting community health - individual behavior

A

ex:
recycling trash
wearing seatbelts
immunization against disease

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31
Q

phase 1

A

social assessment
quality of life indicators

32
Q

phase 2

A

epidemiological assessment
- health indicators
- genetics
- behavior
- environment

33
Q

phase 3

A

educational and ecological assessment
- predisposing, reinforcing, enabling factors

34
Q

phase 4

A

administrative and policy assessment and intervention alignment
- agency assessment and intervention development

35
Q

phase 5

A

implementation - educational strategies

36
Q

phase 6

A

process evaluation

37
Q

phase 7

A

impact evaluation

38
Q

phase 8

A

outcome evaluation

39
Q

assessment phase combination of ___

A

community concerns and data based evidence

40
Q

community empowerment

A

social action process
promotes participation

goals:
- increased individual and community control
- political efficacy
- improved quality of community life

41
Q

strategies that help foster community empowerment

A

asset mapping and capacity analysis

42
Q

asset mapping

A

map of what the community already has
places focus on solutions rather than needs or deficiencies

43
Q

capacity analysis

A

measures the ability to ensure proposed outcomes
examining what community can achieve, given current assets and additional resources

44
Q

needs assessment - needs categories

A

health
educational
resource
social

45
Q

assessment sources

A

prior studies and existing records
- local state and federal
- data reflecting a similar population

target population
**most valuable source of information

46
Q

primary building blocks

A

individual level

47
Q

secondary building blocks

A

controlled by outsiders (chain stores)

48
Q

potential building blocks

A

remote village, one store has the potential to grow, improve community health

49
Q

social reconnaissance

A

use of community leaders to determine relevant aspects of social structure, processes, and needs of the community
- identify felt needs
- rank and prioritize needs and problems
- organize the community
- assist in the development of action plan

** best way to get data on community

50
Q

focus group

A

requires skilled moderator

50
Q

community forum

A

all interested people can participate

50
Q

surveys

A

structured interviews
telephone surveys
mail-out questionnaires
delphi technique
traditional knowledge tests

50
Q

forums and group discussions

A

representative sample
non-threatening environment
several standard techniques
- nominal group process
- focus group
- community forum

50
Q

nominal group process

A

without discussion - not debated

51
Q

structured interviews

A

pre-selected questions
one on one
open ended questions

52
Q

mail out questionnaires

A

subject to ethical constraints of informed consent and confidentiality
accompanied by cover letter

53
Q

delphi technique

A

multi-step survey technique
series of questions given to same group of people

54
Q

QOL indicators - social indicators

A

crime
aesthetics
overcrowding
unemployment
social connectedness

55
Q

QOL indicators - health indicators

A

self-perceived health
longevity
healthy behaviors
mental and physical illness
productivity

56
Q

QOL is identified as:

A

poor social connectedness
fear
poor self concept

57
Q

phase 2 - epidemiological assessment

A

health
genetic
behavior
environment

58
Q

epidemiological assessment - health

A

program planning
ex:
- american heart disease initiative focuses on heart-related health issues
- no need to conduct open-ended social assessment

59
Q

epidemiological assessment - health goals are ____

A
  • directly linked to social problems identified in phase 1
60
Q

epidemiological assessment - distribution and determinants are identified through measurement of

A

disease
cause of death
utilization of services

61
Q

epidemiological assessment - two step process

A
  1. identify the specific health issues or conditions that contribute to social problems (QOL)
  2. select health problems deserving the most attention
    - justify by reviewing and analyzing epidemiological health-related data
62
Q

epidemiological assessment - related epidemiologic data

A

incidence rates
prevalence rates
trend data
cause specific mortality rates

63
Q

health problems which can affect the quality of life

A

communicable diseases
chronic diseases
health-related risk factors
substance addictions
domestic violence

64
Q

phase 2 tools

A
  • national center for health statistics
  • center for disease control and prevention
  • local and state health departments
  • NGO (non-governmental organization)
  • WHO
  • census bureau
65
Q

our health issue

A

high incidence of malaria
high incidence of low-birth-weight babies
high incidence of mortality among pregnant women and children age <5

66
Q

epidemiological assessment - genetics

A

age
gender
family history
ethnicity and race

no genetic predisposition however; low immune response
- pregnant women
- children under age five

67
Q

epidemiological assessment - behavior

A

behavior indicators
- compliance
- consumption patterns
- preventative actions
- coping
- self care
- utilization

68
Q

what behaviors do people do that can lead to contracting and transmitting malaria

A
  • not taking anti malarial meds
  • not giving anti malarial meds to children
  • not using insecticide treated nets
  • not using insect repellant
  • now wearing long sleeve clothing
  • not removing standing water
  • being outside at dusk
  • sharing needles or syringes with contaminated blood
  • receiving contaminated blood transfusion
69
Q

epidemiological assessment - environment

A

environmental indicators
- economic
- physical
- services
- social

70
Q

behavioral risk factors

A
  • not taking anti malarial drugs
  • not giving anti malarial drugs to children
  • not using insecticide treated nets
  • not removing standing water
  • not wearing long sleeve clothing
71
Q

environmental risk factors

A
  • political instability
  • drug resistance
  • poverty
  • poor drainage
  • location of clinic
  • socio-cultural norms
  • lack of education problems
72
Q

possible solutions for malaria

A
  • institute malaria education program
  • use insecticide-treated nets
  • remove standing water
  • location of clinic

HAN 333: exam 2 (10 decks)

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