hammer3 Flashcards
What is the clinical presentation of posterior limb of internal capsule (lacunar infarct)?
unliateral motor impairement w/o sensory or visual field abnormalities
What is the clinical presentation of middle cerebral artery occlusion?
- Contralateral somatosensory and motor deficit (face, arm and leg),
- conjugate eye deviation toward side of lesion,
- homonymous hemianopsia, aphasia (dominant hemisphere)
- hemineglect (nondominant hemisphere)
What is the clinical presentation of anterior cerebral artery occlusion?
- Contralateral somatosensory and motor deficit (predominantly in lower extremity)
- Abulia (lack of will or initiative)
- Dyspraxia, emotional disturbances, Urinary incontinence
What is a lifethreatening complication of severe preeclampsia and what causes it?
Pulmonary edema, caused by increased systemic vascular resistance, capillary permeability, pulmonary capillary hydro static pressure and decreased albumin
What is the pathology of coarctation of the aorta? What murmur is heard?
Thickening of tunica media of teh aortc arch near teh ductus arteroisus. Systolic ejection murmur at teh left interscapular area.
What is the treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder?
CBT, high dose SSRI. If non response, use lomipramine or antipsychotic augmentation, DBS for refractory cases
What are the symptoms of congenital hypothyroidism?
weakness, hypotonia, large tongue, sluggish movement, abdominal bloating, umbilical hernia
What are the symptoms of metabolic syndrome? What is the central pathogenesis?
3/5 of the following
- abdominal obesity
- fasting glucose > 100
- Blood pressure > 130/80
- Triglycerides > 150 mg/dL
- HDL cholesterol
What are the symptoms of pheochromocytoma?
Paroxysms of severe hypertension that can be precipitated by surgical procedures, anesthesia induction and a number of medications
What is the etiology of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome? What are the clinical features adn what is the treatment?
XLR, impaired cytoskeleton changes in leukocytes, platelets.
Clinical - Eczema, microthrombocytopenia, recurrent infections.
Stem cell transplant
What is the treatment for migraine headaches in children?
NSAIDs
What is the workup for primary amenorrhea?
Measure FSH if no breast development. If decreased - pituitary MRI. If increased - karyotype
What is the etiology of amyloidosis? Clinical presentation? Diagnosis?
Extracellular deposition of insoluble polymeric protein fibirils in tissues and organs. AL type - primary AA - secondary to chronic inflammatory conditions (arthritis, chronic infections, IBD, malignancy, vasculitis.
Clinical presentation - restrictive cardiomyopathy, increased ventricular wall thickness, asymptomatic proteinuria, hepatomegaly, BLEEDING diathesis, waxy thickening. Fat pad abdominal aspiration biopsy
Which medications should be withheld prior to cardiac stress testing?
BB, CCB, nitrates - which are antianginal agents
What is the treatment for cyanide poisoning?
Activated charcoal if ingested. All other exposures - give antidots - hydrocobalamin or sodium thiosulfate. No antidots - nitrites to induce methemoglobinemia to increase Fe3+ to bind cyanide
What is the difference between epidermal inclusion cyst and dermatofibroma?
EIC - benign wih normal epidermis, dome-shaped, firm, freely movable cyst/nodule with a small central punctum. VS. Dermatofibroma - firm, hyperpigmented, dimples when pinched
What is the treatment for ascited?
- Na and water restriction 2. Spirnolactone 3. Loop diuretic 4. Paracentesis (2-4 L/day)
When do you observe a pneumothorax?
When it is small (
What is the most specific marker for dementia vs. normal aging?
Impairment of daily functioning in dementia
What is the presentation of HOCM, murmur and pathophysiolog?
Syncope in young patient wtih crescendo-decrescendo murmur at lower LEFT sternal border .Symptoms secondary to outflow obstructionfrom interventricular septal hypertrophy
What is hepatic hydrothorax and what is the pathophsiology and treatment?
Transudative pleural effusion in cirrhotc patiests leading to right sided pleural effusion not 2/2 cardiac or pulmonary abnormality. Initial treatmetn with salt restriction adn diuretics. TIPS if treatmetn is refractory.
What are preventative factors in SIDS?
Room sharing and Pacifier use