Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

step2 > hammer2 > Flashcards

hammer2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the presentation of pancoast tumor a.k.a superior sulcus tumor? how is it initially evaluated?

A
  1. shoulder pain, 2. horner syndrome, 3. C8-T2 neurological involvement (hand muscle weakness/pain and paresthesia of 4th and 5th digits); 4. supraclavicular lymph node enlargement, weight loss. Chest x-ray
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the management of ASCUS in women > 25?

A
  1. HPV test if positive - colposcopy, if negative repeat pap smear and HPV test in 3 years
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the management of ASCUS in women

A

repeat cytology in 1 year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What symptoms are caused by vitamin B2 (riboflavin) and B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency?

A

Angular chelosis, stomatitis, glossitis. for B6 add irritability, confusion, depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What symptoms are caused by B1 (thiamine) deficiency?

A

Beriberi (peripheral neuropathy, heart failure) and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What symptoms does hypervitaminosis A cause?

A

neuropsychiatric symptoms and cerebral edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the approach to idiopathic intracranial HTN?

A

neuroimaging (MRI/MRV) and LP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the characteristics of Antiphospholipid syndrome, which antibodies are present and which parameter is raised in coag studies?

A

Venous thromboembolism/recurrent early miscarriage/presence of lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibody or beta 2 glycoprotein 1 antibody
PTT is prolonged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 5 primary renal causes of nephrotic syndrome?

A

FSGS ,membranous nephropathy, MPGN, MCD, IgA nephropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the clinical association of FSGS?

A

AA & hispanics, HIV and Heroin use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the clinical association of membranous nephropathy?

A

adenocarcinoma, NSAIDS, hep B, SLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the clinical association of MPGN?

A

Hep B and C; lipodystrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the clinical association of minimal change disease?

A

NSAIDs and LYMPHOMA for MCD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the clinical association of IgA nepjhropathy?

A

upper respiratory tract infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the symptoms of post concussive syndreom?

A

headache, confusion, amnesia, vertigo a few hours to days after a TBI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the inheritance mode of hereditary spherocytosis? What are the lab findings? Tx? Complications?

A

AD. Increased MCHC with Negatie Coombs test. Elevated osmotic fragility on acidified glycerol lysis test andabnormal eosin-5 malemide binding test, - Tx. FA supplementation, splenectomy. Complications - Aplastic crisis from parvovirus B19 infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the presentation of acute bronchitis? Treatment?

A

Cough more than 5 days upto 3 weeks. No systemic findings, except for wheezing or rhonchi. Symptomatic treatmnet, no abx.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the most common GI manifestation of CF?

A

Pancreatic insufficiency, ADEK malabsrption. Low K leads to mucosal bleeding and epistaxis 2/2 prolonged PT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the difference between acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion?

A

No inflammation in otitis media with effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the initial management of osteoarthrits?

A

Nonpharmacoloical measures including exercise, weight loss and activity modification plus NSAIDs like diclofenac for pain relief

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which organism is implicated in prosthetic joint infection within 3 months of knee replacement?

A

Staph aureus, gram negative rods

22
Q

Which organism is implicated in prosthetic joint infection after 3 months of knee replacement?

A

Staph epidermidis (coagulas negative staph), propionibacterium speciess, enterococci

23
Q

What is the medical treatment options for acute abnormal uterine bleeding?

A

High dose ESTROGEN or OCPs or progestin or tranexamic acid

24
Q

What are the symtoms of zinc deficiency and what is a known cause?

A

Alopecia, abnormal taste, bullous, pustulous lesions, impaired wound healing. Chronic TPN or malabsotprion

25
Q

What is the most important of Selenium difciency?

A

Cardiomyopathy

26
Q

How does MM affect immunity?

A

Neoplastic infiltration of the bone marrow alters and impairs the normal lymphocyte population, resulting in ineffective Antibody production and hypogammaglobulinemia.

27
Q

What is the pathophysiology of ARDS?

A

lung injury - fluid/cytokine leakage in alveoli

impaired gas exchange, decreased lung compliance, PHTN

28
Q

How is ARDS diagnosed? What is the Aa gradient?

A
  1. Respiratory distress within 1 week of insult, 2. b/l lung opacities 2/2 pulmonary edema NOT due to CHF, hypoxemia with PaO2/FiO2
29
Q

What are the features of glucocorticoid induced myopathy? What are the ESR and the CK values?

A

Progressive proximal muscle weakness and atrophy without pain or tenderness. Lower extremity muscles are more involved. Normal ESR and CK.

30
Q

What are the features of gpolymyalgia rheumatica? What are the ESR and the CK values?

A

Muscle pain and stiffness in the shoulder and pelvic girdle. Tenderness with decreased range of motion at shoulder, neck and hip. Responds rapidly to glucocoricois. Elevated ESR with normal CK

31
Q

What are the symptoms of multiple system atrophy?

A

Parkinsonism with orthostatic hypotension, impotence, incontinence or other autonomic symptoms

32
Q

What is the most common renal malignancy in childhood? What are the associated syndromes? What is the clinical presentation?

A

Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma). WAR (Wilms tumor, Aniridia - absent colored part of eye, Genitourinary anomalies like Hematuria, intellectual disability). Asymptomatic, firm, smooth, abdominal mass that doesn’ tcross midline. Tx - Excision/chemo/radiation therapy

33
Q

What conditions have increased Aa gradient?

A

Intersitial and obstructive lung disease, (intracardiac shunt, extensive ARDS) - do not corect with supplemental O2, atelectasis, pulmonary edema, PNA

34
Q

What is teh presentation of Alport’s syndrome?

A

Recurrent episodes of heamturia, sensorineural deafness, family history of renal failure

35
Q

What are the symptoms of atrophic vaginitis?

A

Vulvar, vaginal dryness narrow introitus, pallor, ow elasticity, low ruggae.

36
Q

What is the criteria for Tourette disorder? Treatment?

A

Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics, onset before age 18. Antipsychotics liek Risperidone, alpha adrenergic receptor agonists, behavioral therapy

37
Q

What is the pathophysiology of bullous pemphigoid? What is seen on immunofluoresence? Treatment?

A

IgG autoantibodies against Hemidesmosome and basement membrae zonethat activate complement and inflammatory mediators leading to tense bullae formation. linear IgG and C3 deposts. High potency topical glucocorticoid (Clobetasol)

38
Q

What are the symptoms of rotator cuff impingement or tendinopathy?

A

Pain with adbuction, external rotation; subacromial tenderness; positive impingmenet tests. Associated with repetitive activity above shoulder height

39
Q

Which drugs casue crystal induced AKI?

A

acyclovir, sulfonamides, MTX, ethylene glycol, proteas inhibitors

40
Q

Who should you suspect Alpha-1 antityrpsin deficiency?

A

Less than 45 yo, basilar lung disease, liver disease

41
Q

What is the presentation of chronic tophaceous gout?

A

Urate crystals deposited in skin, resulting in formation of tumors with a chalky white appearance

42
Q

What is the presentation of measles? Which medication increases morbidity and mortality?

A

high grade fever, maculopapular rash that spreads from trunk to extremities, non productive cough Vitamin AAAAA

43
Q

What is the treatment for superifical infantile (strawberry) hemangiomas if they need it?

A

Betablockers

44
Q

What are the clinical features of glucagonoma?

A
  1. Necrolytic migrathory erythema (erythematous papules/plques on face/lesions enlarge and coalesce over next 7 - 14 days with central clearing and blistering);
  2. Diabetes,
  3. GI symptoms (diarrhea, anorexia)
  4. neuropsychiatric symptoms
45
Q

What is the immunology and examples of Type 1 (immediate) hypersensitivity reactions?

A

IgE-mediated. Anaphylaxis, urticaria

46
Q

What is the immunology and examples of Type 2 (cytotoxic) hypersensitivity reactions?

A

IgG and IgM autoantibody mediated. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia and Good pasture syndrome

47
Q

What is the immunology and examples of Type 3 (immune complex) hypersensitivity reactions?

A

Antibody-antigen complex deposition. Serum sickness/PSGN/lupus nephritis

48
Q

What is the immunology and examples of Type 4 (idelayed type) hypersensitivity reactions?

A

T cell and macrophage mediated. Contact dermatitis and Tuberculin skin test

49
Q

What testing should be done in infants with increasing head circumference and signs of ICP?

A

CT brain

50
Q

What are the symptoms of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chrnic renal failure?

A

Hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, increased PTH

51
Q

What is the criteria for Lynch syndrome diagnosis and which cancer is it associated with?

A

1 case diagnosed before 50; 2 or mre generations; 3 relatives with colorectal cancer. Endometrial cancer

52
Q

What causes pill eophagitis and what are the symptoms?

A

Tetracyclnes, KCl, bisphosphonates and NSAID. Patients experience sudden onset odynophagia and retrosternal pain

step2 (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions