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1
Q

4 Risk factors for placental abruption

A

Maternal HTN, Abdominal trauma, Prior placental abruption, Cocaine use

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2
Q

Clinical presentation for placental abruption

A

sudden onset vaginal bleeding, abdominal or back pain, high frequency, low intensity contractions, hypertonic and tender uterus

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3
Q

2 Maternal complications of placental abruption

A

Hypovolemic shock and DIC

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4
Q

Signs and symptoms of meningogcoccal meningitis (Neisseria meningitis)

A

Fever, headache, AMS, petechial or purpuric rash

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5
Q

What does a Turner patient look like 4 characteristics?

A

webbed neck, horseshoe kidney, carpal and pedal edema, nail dysplasia

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6
Q

What causes congenital lymphedema in Turner patients?

A

Abnormal development of lymphatic system

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7
Q

What is the presentation and diagnosis of Meckel’s diverticulum?

A

2yo with asymptomatic painless hematochezia, intusussception, intestinal obstruction, volvulus and diagnosed with Technetium 99m pertechtnetate scan

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8
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Meckel’s diverticulum?

A

Ectopic gastric mucosa

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9
Q

What type of EEG pattern is seen on Absence seizures?

A

3 Hertz spike and wave

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10
Q

Where does a focal seizure originate from and is there LOC?

A

1 cerebral hemisphere with +/- loss of conciousness

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11
Q

What are the 4 types of focal seizures?

A

Motor - Jacksonian march, turning of eyes/head/trunk
Sensory - paresthesias, vertigo, visual phenomena
Autonomic - sweating,
Psychic - Deja vu

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12
Q

Which disorder is Srep gallolyticus associated with?

A

Colonic neoplasms

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13
Q

Which patients between 19 - 64 get PPSV23 alone?

A

Chronic heart, lung, liver disease, diabetics, curent smokers, alcoholics?

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14
Q

Which patients between 19 - 64 get the sequential PCV13 + PPSV23?

A

CSF leaks, cochlear implants, sickle cell disease, asplenics, Immunocompromised, CKD

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15
Q

Which age group gets the sequential PCV13 + PPSV23? and in what intervals?

A

Age > 65, 6-12 months apart

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16
Q

When is Td and Tdap vaccine given?

A

Tdap once as a substitute for Td booster, then Td every 10 years

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17
Q

Which is the most common epithelial thyroid cancer and how does it spread?

A

papillary > 70% via lymphatics

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18
Q

Which is the second most common epithelial thyroid cancer and how does it spread?

A

follicular, hematogenously

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19
Q

What is the presentation of Cushing syndrome 5 symptoms?

A

central obesity, facial plethora, proximal muscle weakness ,abdominal striae, ecchymosis, amenorrhea, HTN

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20
Q

What are the 4 sideeffects of Erythropoietin therapy?

A
  1. Worsening of HTN 2. Headaches 3. Flu like syndrome 4. Red cell aplasia
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21
Q

What are the clinical features of Obsessive Compulsive disorder?

A

Obsessions which are recurrent and intrusive, anxiety prokoking and Compulsions - which are repeated behaviors or mental acts and are time consuming

22
Q

How is OCD treated

A
  1. Cognitive behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention 2. SSRI
23
Q

What two medications can be used for narcolepsy?

A

Modafinil and amphetamine stimulants

24
Q

Which narcolpesy medication reduces cataplexy?

A

sodium oxybate

25
Q

What are pregnancy related risks of hypertension in the mother?

A

postpartum hemorrhage ,gestational diabetes

26
Q

What are pregnancy related risks of hypertension in the fetus?

A

fetal growth restriction, oligohydrammnios, perinatal mortality, preterm delivery

27
Q

What are signs of HIV infection in an infant ?

A

Failure to thrive, lymphadenopathy, thrush

28
Q

When should pregnant patients with possible HIV get tested?

A

in 1st and 3rd trimesters since it can take upto 3 months to develop a detectable antibody

29
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for Kawasaki?

A

Fever more than 5 days plus >4 of the following

  1. B/l nonexudative conjuctivitis,
  2. mucositis (strawberry tongue, injected pharynx or lips)
  3. cervical lymphadenopathy,
  4. erythematous polymorphous rash,
  5. extremity changes
30
Q

What is the comlications for Kawasaki?

A

Coronary artery aneurysm, MI

31
Q

What is the treatment for Kawasaki?

A

Aspirin plus IVIG

32
Q

What are the three subtypes of cerebral palsy and what is the greatest risk factor? Comorbidities

A

spastic, dyskinetic, ataxic - premature birth, intellectual disability

33
Q

What is the treatment for catbites?

A

clean and treat with amoxicillin/clavulanate and Tetanus booster as indicated

34
Q

What are the symptoms of herniated disk?

A

acute back pain that radiates to the thighs and typically below the knee with positive leg raise test

35
Q

What are the symptoms of lumbosacral strain?

A

local tenderness and contraction of paraspinal muscles with negative straight leg test

36
Q

What is the treatment for subconjuctival hemorrhage?

A

Nothin

37
Q

What are the levels of Ca, PTH and P in GI diseases with fat malabsorption? Why are Ca and P that way?

A

High PTH and low Ca and low P, because Vit D mediates their absorption from the intestine and ADEK is fat soluble

38
Q

What should you give patients with ischemic stroke to improve their outcomes?

A

Fibrinolytic therapy

39
Q

What is the treatment for antiphospholipid antibody syndrome?

A

LMWH plus low does aspirin

40
Q

What are the features of CMV esophagitis?

A

Deep linear ulcers at the distal esophagus

41
Q

What are the electrolyte imbalances in tumor lysis syndrome?

A

Decreased Cacium only, increased Phosphate, K, Uric acid

42
Q

What are the characteristics of Iron deficiency anemia and what can cause it in children?

A

Increased RDW and increased TIBC, excess cow milk intake

43
Q

What is the management of blunt abdominal trauma patients who are hemodynamically unstable?

A

FAST exam - if positive do laparotomy, if inconclusive do DPL, if negative and no signs of extra abdominal hemorrhage - stabilize then CT, if there are signs , stabilize

44
Q

What type of lesion is pronator drift and which tract is it located on?

A

UMN lesion located on the pyramidal/corticospinal tract

45
Q

What does raising the cutoff of a test do to sensitivity and specificity?

A

specificity up, sensitivity down

46
Q

What is the causative organism of erysipelas and what does it look like?

A

group A beta hemolytic strep/ sharply demarcated, erythematous ,edematous, tender skin lesion

47
Q

What is seen in tissue biopsy of sarcoidosis?

A

non caseating granulomas

48
Q

What 3 things cause symmetric fetal growth restriction?

A

Genetic disorders congenital heart disease, intrauterine infections

49
Q

Which nerve is damaged when anterior shoulder is dislocated?

A

Axillary nerve

50
Q

Which nerve is damaged when humerus is fractured midshaft or crutches are used?

A

Radial nerve

51
Q

Which nerve is damaged when medial epicondyle of humerus is fractured ?

A

ulnar nerve

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