Hallucinogens

Question 1

Hallucinogens

Answer 1

LSD
Mescaline
Psilocybin
Phenycyclidine (PCP)

Question 2

Hallucinogen intoxication - signs

Answer 2

Dizziness, incoordination, tremor, weakness.
Depersonalization, derealization, illusions, synesthesia.
Tachycardia.
Blurred vision, mydriasis, sweating.

Question 3

Treatment of hallucinogen intoxication

Answer 3

Lorazepam for agitation.

Give reassurance and support vital functions.

Question 4

Hallucinogens - Duration of action

Answer 4

LDS: 12 hours

Psilocybin and mescaline: 6 hours

Question 5

LSD - MOA

Answer 5

Selectively activates certain subtypes of serotonin receptors in neocortex, limbic system, brain stem.
Hypothesis: activation of 5-HT2 receptors in reticular formation leads to generalization of sensory stimuli to evoke hallucinations.

Question 6

Types of hallucinations

Answer 6

Visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, gustatory, kinesthetic, synesthetic.

Question 7

Phencyclidine - other names

Answer 7

PCP, angel dust

Question 8

PCP - MOA

Answer 8

Blockade of glutamate NMDA receptors.

Also act on sigma receptors

Question 9

PCP intoxification - signs

Answer 9

Agitation, ataxia, muscle rigidity, slurred speech.
Anxiety, delusions, emotional liability, euphoria, hallucinations.
Hypertension, tachycardia.
Hostility, miosis, nystagmus, violent behavior.

Question 10

Treatment of PCP intoxication

Answer 10

Lorazepam for agitation, haloperidol for psychosis.

Minimize sensory input.