CNS stimulants: Amphetamines and caffeine

Question 1

CNS stimulants

Answer 1

Amphetamines
Cocaine
Nicotine
Caffeine

Question 2

Amphetamines - signs of intoxication

Answer 2

Agitation, loquacity.
Decreased fatigue, insomnia, euphoria, grandiosity, hypervigilance, paranoia.
Hypertension/hypotension, tachycardia.
Chills, mydriasis, nystagmus, nauseas, vomiting, sweating.
Loss of appetite, increased concentration, respiratory stimulation, hyperthermia.

Question 3

Amphetamines - treatment of intoxication

Answer 3

Lorazepam for agitation.
Haloperidol for psychosis.
Monitor and support cardiac function.

Question 4

Amphetamines - symptoms of withdrawal

Answer 4

Depression, drowsiness, dysphoria, fatigue, increased appetite, sleepiness.
Bradycardia.

Question 5

Amphetamines and cocaine - MOA

Answer 5

Increase synaptic concentrations of NE and DOP.
Sympathomimetic effects.
Induce release of dopamine from nucleus accumbens.

Question 6

High concentrations of amphetamine - effect

Answer 6

Inhibit monoamine oxidase and increase levels of catecholamines.

Question 7

Difference between amphetamine and methamphetamine

Answer 7

Methamphetamine causes less release of NE.

Question 8

Designer drugs

Answer 8

MDMA (ecstasy).

Question 9

MDMA - effects and MOA

Answer 9

Increases DOP and SER levels.

Psychostimulant and psychotomimetic

Question 10

MDMA intoxication - signs

Answer 10

Euphoria, increased empathy, enhanced pleasure, heightened sexuality, expanded consciousness.

Question 11

MDMA - adverse effects

Answer 11

Nausea, anorexia, anxiety.
Cardiac arrhythmias, hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, DIC.
Neurotoxic to serotonergic neurons - panic reactions, psychosis, depression, suicide.

Question 12

Caffeine citrate - clinical use

Answer 12

Apnea in neonates.

Fatigue

Question 13

Caffeine - MOA

Answer 13

Blocks adenosine receptors.

Indirect enhancement of dopamine neurotransmission.

Question 14

Caffeine - effects

Answer 14

Combats fatigue.
Elevates mood.
Increases alertness, concentration, motivation, talkativeness.
Mild stimulation of HR and BP.
Relaxes most smooth muscles.
Diuresis by increasing renal blood flow.
Increase secretion of gastric acid and pepsin

Question 15

Caffeine overdose - sings

Answer 15

Nausea, vomiting, increased muscle tone, tremors.

Extremely high doses: delirium, seizures, death.

Question 16

Caffeine withdrawal - symptoms

Answer 16

Headache, impaired concentration, irritability, depression, anxiety, flulike symptoms, blurred vision.