Haemostasis - Thrombosis Flashcards
define thrombosis
formation or presence of a blood clot in a blood vessel
how does pulmonary embolism present?
Tachycardia Hypoxia Shortness of breath Chest pain Haemoptysis Sudden death
how does deep vein thrombosis present?
Painful leg Swelling Red Warm May embolise to lungs Post thrombotic syndrome
what are the three factors that make up Virchow’s triad?
endothelial damage
hypercoagulability
stasis
which Virchow factor is dominant in venous thrombosis?
hypercoagulability
which Virchow factor is dominant in arterial thrombosis?
endothelial damage
what is thrombophilia?
increased risk of venous thrombosis
how may thrombophilia present?
Thrombosis at young age
‘spontaneous thrombosis’
Multiple thromboses
Thrombosis whilst anticoagulated
normal haemostasis is a delicate balance between?
fibrinolytic factors, anticoagulant proteins (bleeding) vs coagulant factors, platelets (thrombosis)
venous thrombosis can be promoted by a decrease in?
antithrombin
protein S
protein C
venous thrombosis can be promoted by a increase in?
factors VIII, II, V Leiden (increased activity due to activated protein C resistance) myeloproliferative disorders (increased platelets)
role of vessel wall in venous thrombosis
many proteins active in coagulation are expressed on the surface of endothelial cells and their expression altered in inflammation (TM, EPCR, TF)
how does blood flow affect the risk of thrombosis?
reduced flow (stasis) increases the risk of thrombosis
list examples of when blood flow is reduced
surgery
long haul flight
pregnancy
how do rates of people with DVT and PE change with advancing age?
increases
