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Cardiorespiratory > Arterial Blood Gases and Acid Base Regulation > Flashcards

Arterial Blood Gases and Acid Base Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is PO2?

A

partial pressure of oxygen > indicates how much oxygen is dissolved in the arterial blood

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2
Q

What is PCO2?

A

partial pressure of carbon dioxide > indicates how much CO2 is dissolved in arterial blood

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3
Q

What is pH?

A

‘power of hydrogen’ > describes the acidity, neutrality or alkalinity of the blood

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4
Q

What is HCO3-?

A

plasma bicarbonate > describes the concentration of bicarbonate dissolved in arterial blood

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5
Q

What is base excess?

A

describes the concentration of bases (predominantly bicarbonate) compared with the ‘expected concentration’

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6
Q

Describe blood gases in the arteries.

A

O2: >10kPa/>95%
CO2: 4.7-6.0kPa

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7
Q

Describe blood gases in the veins.

A

O2: 4-5.3kPa/~75%
CO2: 5.3-6.7kPa

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8
Q

What is the gas exchange time?

A

0.25s

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9
Q

What is the pulmonary transit time?

A

0.75s

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10
Q

What is an acid?

A

any molecule that has a loosely bound H+ ion that it can donate

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11
Q

What is a base?

A

an anionic (negatively charged ion) molecule capable of reversibly binding protons

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12
Q

Changes in what can stimulate a rapid compensatory response to alter pH?

A

ventilation

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13
Q

Changes in what can stimulate a slow compensatory response to alter pH?

A

HCO3- and H+ retention/secretion in the kidneys

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14
Q

An acidosis needs what to correct?

A

alkalosis

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15
Q

An alkalosis needs what to correct?

A

acidosis

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16
Q

What is the interpretation procedure for an ABG?

A

type of imbalance: acidosis/alkalosis?
aetiology: respiratory/metabolic?
any homeostatic compensation?
oxygenation?

17
Q

What is the relationship between pH and proton concentration?

A

inversely proportional

18
Q

What is a potential cause of respiratory acidosis?

A

hypoventilation

19
Q

What is a potential cause of respiratory alkalosis?

A

hyperventilation

20
Q

What is a potential cause of metabolic acidosis?

A

diarrhoea

21
Q

What is a potential cause of metabolic alkalosis?

A

vomiting

22
Q

How to compensate for respiratory acidosis?

A

tubular cells reabsorbing more HCO3 from the tubular fluid, collecting duct cells secreting more H+

23
Q

How to compensate for respiratory alkalosis?

A

reducing the amount of new HCO3− generated and by excreting HCO3−

24
Q

How to compensate for metabolic acidosis?

A

hyperventilation to decrease the arterial pCO2

25
Q

How to compensate for metabolic alkalosis?

A

hypoventilation to increase retention of CO2

Cardiorespiratory (20 decks)

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