Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiorespiratory > Angina and Myocardial Infarction > Flashcards

Angina and Myocardial Infarction Flashcards

1
Q

define angina

A

chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

typical angina presents all three of what features?

A

precipitated by physical exertion, constricting discomfort in chest, neck, shoulder, jaw or arms, relieved by rest or GTN within 5 mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how does atypical angina present?

A

with two of the typical angina features

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

in addition to the typical features, atypical angina can also present with?

A

GI discomfort
breathlessness
nausea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

list factors that make a diagnosis of stable angina less likely

A

pain that is continuous/prolonged, unrelated to activity, brought on by breathing, associated w/ dizziness, palpitations, tingling, or difficulty swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the classification of angina?

A

stable
unstable
variant (prinzmetal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is stable angina?

A

pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart must work harder, usually during physical exertion; Usually lasts a short time (< 5min); Is relieved by rest or medicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is unstable angina?

A

Often occurs while you may be resting, last longer than stable angina; Rest or medicine do not help relieve it; get worse over time. It can lead to MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is variant (prinzmetal) angina?

A

pain is caused by a spasm in the coronary arteries caused by exposure to cold, stress, smoking etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

list some risk factors for angina/IHD

A 
smoking
alcohol
family history
hypertension
advancing age
male gender
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what tests can be useful for angina?

A

ECG, Coronary Angiography, Exercise Tolerance test, Lab tests (Complete blood profile, lipids, renal tests, liver function tests, cardiac enzymes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

list important cardiac enzymes to test for in a patient with angina

A

troponin
myoglobin
CK-MB
BNP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how to manage a patient with symptomatic angina?

A

1st line > lack of response > 2nd line > lack of response > consider revascularization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

list first-line options for treatment of stable angina

A

short acting nitrate + beta blocker or CCB
low HR try DHP CCB
symptoms remain uncontrolled: conisider BB + DHP CCB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

list second-line options for treatment of stable angina

A

long acting nitrate, ivabradnine, nicoradnil, ranolazine, trimetazidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ECG findings: ST segment elevation in leads I, aVL and V6. Reciprocal changes in ST depression in inferior leads III and aVF. what is the diagnosis?

A

lateral STEMI

17
Q

list the types of MI based upon areas of infarct

A 
anterior
lateral
inferior
posterior
septal
18
Q

what is the coronary artery territory involved in anterior MI?

A

left coronary artery and left anterior descending artery

19
Q

what is the coronary artery territory involved in lateral MI?

A

circumflex

20
Q

what is the coronary artery territory involved in inferior MI?

A

right coronary artery

21
Q

what is the coronary artery territory involved in posterior MI?

A

right coronary artery and circumflex

22
Q

what is the coronary artery territory involved in septal MI?

A

left anterior descending

23
Q

what reciprocal changes occur in an anterior MI?

A

none

24
Q

what reciprocal changes occur in an lateral MI?

A

III

aVF

25
Q

what reciprocal changes occur in an inferior MI?

A

I

aVL

26
Q

what reciprocal changes occur in an posterior MI?

A

none

27
Q

what reciprocal changes occur in an septal MI?

A

none

28
Q

ST segment elevation is seen in what leads in anterior MI?

A

V1
V2
V3
V4

29
Q

ST segment elevation is seen in what leads in lateral MI?

A

I
aVL
V5
V6

30
Q

ST segment elevation is seen in what leads in inferior MI?

A

II
III
aVF

31
Q

ST segment elevation is seen in what leads in posterior MI?

A

V7
V8
V9

32
Q

ST segment elevation is seen in what leads in septal MI?

A

V1

V2

33
Q

first line management for STEMI?

A

antiplatelet and add-on anti-ischemic /anticoagulant treatment > reperfusion therapy 1st line PCI alt is thrombolysis or rescue PCI or CABG

34
Q

long term management for STEMI?

A

antiplatelet therapy, statin, b-blocker, ACE inhibitor, cardiac rehabilitation and lifestyle changes

35
Q

ECG findings: ST depression in lead II, III. T wave inversions. what is the diagnosis?

A

NSTEMI

36
Q

what is the pathological difference between NSTEMI and unstable angina?

A

NSTEMI: incomplete thrombus formation > oxygen starvation > tissue death
unstable angina: unstable plaque > fibrous cap disrupts > thrombus forms > still enough lumen to meet demand at rest

37
Q

what is the difference between NSTEMI and unstable angina?

A

no ST elevation

unstable angina has normal troponins, NSTEMI has raised troponins

Cardiorespiratory (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions