Haemoptysis and Shortness of Breath Flashcards
1
Q
What are the differential diagnoses for haemoptysis with change in cough?
A
Chest infection - Bronchitis - Pneumonia - Bronchiectasis - TB Lung carcinoma PE
2
Q
What are the investigations to diagnose a lung mass?
A
Sputum Bronchoscopy - Standard - Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) CT guided lung biopsy Surgical biopsy PET scan
3
Q
What are the different types of lung cancer?
A
Lung carcinoma
- Most common = adenocarcinoma
- Squamous cell
- Large cell
- Small cell
- Others; eg: carcinoid
4
Q
What are the risk factors for lung cancer?
A
Smoking Radiation therapy Second hand smoke Asbestos Radon Metals Pulmonary fibrosis
5
Q
How does lung cancer present?
A
Often later Often by chance Local complications - Cough - Change in voice - Shortness of breath - Lung collapse - Pleural effusion - PE - SVC obstruction Haemoptysis Chest pain Metastatic disease - Bone pain - Seizures, headache (brain) Systemic/hormonal/paraneoplastic - Weight loss - Lethargy - Hypercalcaemia - Weakness
6
Q
What are the goals of treatment in lung cancer?
A
Cure if localised disease Symptom control and comfort if locally advance/metastatic Prolong life but not at any cost Support - Psychosocial - Nutritional
7
Q
What are the treatment options in lung cancer?
A
Surgery - best chance of cure Radiotherapy Chemotherapy Targeted agents for mutations - Eg: EGFR receptor antagonists Immunotherapy - PD1/PD-L1 Abs Palliation
8
Q
After bony metastases, how does treatment change?
A
Becomes palliative
9
Q
What are the aims of palliative treatment?
A
Symptom control Quality of life - Pain relief with opiates - Radiotherapy for bony metastases - Oxygen if required
