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Bacteriology > Haemophillus, Legionella, Bordetella, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma > Flashcards

Haemophillus, Legionella, Bordetella, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma Flashcards

1
Q

What is the morphology of Haemophilus?

A

Gram negative coccobacilli

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2
Q

Can you grow Haemophilus on blood agar?

A

No, requires blood factors hemin (X factor) and NAD (V factor) that are released from blood cells by heating.
Need chocolate agar.

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3
Q

What types of diseases does encapsulated v. unencapsulated H. influenze cause?

A

Unencapsulated: local respiratory infections
Encapsulated: systemic disease (in blood stream)

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4
Q

Which encapsulated H. influenzae type is predominant in invasive disease?

A

Type b (Hib)

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5
Q

What is the treatment of choice for non-invasive unencapsulated strain H. influenzae infections?

A

Amoxicillin

Amox-clavulanate for resistant strains

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6
Q

What is the treatment of choice for invasive encapsulated Hib (Type B H. influenzae) infections?

A

3rd generation cephalosporin

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7
Q

What made the Hib vaccines more successful?

A

Conjugate! Hib capsule polysaccharide conjugated to protein carrier

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8
Q

What diseases are caused by Moraxella?

A

Otitis (one of three major bacterial causes)
Sinusitis
Conjunctivitis

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9
Q

What is the treatment for Moraxella?

A

Amoxicillin/clavulanate

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10
Q

How is Legionella primarily spread?

A

Aerosols from water systems (NOT person to person)

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11
Q

What differentiates Legionnaire’s disease from other pneumonias?

A

Very severe, can spread to brain, high mortality but low attack rate

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12
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Legionella?

A

Multiplies in alveolar macrophages
Forms vacuoles
Dot/Icm type IV secretion system exports vacuole contents into cell

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13
Q

What stains are used for Legionella?

A

Gimenez and Dieterle

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14
Q

What is the treatment for Legionella?

A

Azithromycin (or fluoroquinolone)

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15
Q

What population is at risk for Coxiella infection (Q fever)?

A

People that interact with animals (farmers, ranchers, vets)

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16
Q

What is the treatment for Coxiella?

A

Doxycycline

17
Q

What disease does Corynebacterium diphtheriae cause?

A

Diptheria (acute respiratory infection)

Don’t have in US because of DTP vaccine

18
Q

What disease does Bordetella pertussis cause?

A

Pertussis (whooping cough)

19
Q

How is pertussis spread?

A

Aerosols, from adults as a reservoir to young children

20
Q

What are the stages of pertussis?

A

Catarrhal (cold-like symptoms)
Paroxysmal (severe cough paroxysms, apnea)
Convalescent stage (cough may persist, bacteria absent)

21
Q

What is the treatment of B. pertussis?

A

Azithromycin (to prevent further spread but no benefit to patient)
Supportive therapy

22
Q

How does pertussis toxin (PTX) exert its effect?

A

ADP-ribosyl transferase that modifies target G proteins

Inhibits the innate immune response

23
Q

What is the morphology of Legionella?

A

Gram negative, pleomorphic (long bacilli in media, short coccobacilli in tissue)

24
Q

What is the morphology of Bordetella?

A

Gram negative coccobacilli

25
Q

What is the morphology of Corynebacterium diptheriae?

A

Gram positive rod

26
Q

What is the morphology of chalmydia?

A

Gram negative coccobacilli

27
Q

What are the two species of Chlamydia infections that usually affect humans?

A

C. trachomatis

C. pneumoniae

28
Q

What are the two forms of Chlamydia during its developmental cycle?

A

EB (elementary body, spore-like form)

RB (reticulate body, metabolically active and multiplies intracellularly by binary fission)

29
Q

Describe developmental cycle of Chlamydia

A
  • EB (spore-like form, metabolically inactive, dense) is internalized into cell in inclusion membrane
  • EB differentiates into RB almost immediately (larger, less dense, metabolically active)
  • RB multiplies intraceullularly within the inclusion membrane
  • RBs condense back into EBs
  • Inclusion exocytosed/cell lysed and progeny EBs go on to infect other cells
30
Q

What is the main way Chlamydia releases its virulence effector proteins?

A

Type III secretion system (like molecular syringe that injects virulence factors into infected cell)

31
Q

What diseases are caused by Chlamydia trachomatis?

A 
Trachoma (Serovars A, B, C)
Inclusion conjunctivitis
Neonatal pneumonitis (from mother at birth)
STI (Serovars D-K)
32
Q

What sequelae is most commonly linked with Chlamydia pneumoniae?

A

Atherosclerotic plaques in CVD

33
Q

What is the treatment of choice for Chlamydia pneumoniae?

A

Doxycycline or erythromycin

34
Q

Who is at risk for Chlamydia psittaci?

A

People that interact with bird feces (pet-store, poultry farm, power line workers)

35
Q

What is the morphology of Mycoplasma?

A

Wall-less pleiomorphic bacteria
Fried egg colony morphology
(except M. pneumoniae - mulberry colonies)

36
Q

What exhibits cold agglutinins?

A

M. pneumoniae

37
Q

What disease are M. hominis, M. genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum associated with?

A

STI

38
Q

What disease are M. fermentans or M. penetrans associated with?

A

HIV

39
Q

What toxin does M. pneumoniae produce?

A

Community Acquired Respiratory Distress Syndrome (CARDS) toxin - an ADP-ribosylating and vacuolating toxin

Bacteriology (19 decks)

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