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Bacteriology > E. Coli & Related Organisms > Flashcards

E. Coli & Related Organisms Flashcards

1
Q

What are major serotypes of E. Coli and what are the antigens for?

A

O serotype - side chain of LPS

H serotype - flagellin

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2
Q

What is ETEC?

A

Enterotoxigenic E. coli

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3
Q

What is EPEC?

A

Enteropathogenic E. coli

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4
Q

What is EHEC?

A

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli

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5
Q

What is EAEC?

A

Enteroaggregative E. coli

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6
Q

What is ExPEC?

A

Extraintestinal E. coli

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7
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of ETEC?

A

Watery diarrhea (travelers!)

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8
Q

What are the virulence factors of ETEC?

A

Pili (aka Colonization Factor Antigens)
Heat-labile enterotoxin
Heat-stable enterotoxin

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9
Q

What other toxin is the heat-labile enterotoxin of ETEC similar to?

A

Cholera toxin
Works in same way (ADP ribosylated of G protein -> adenylate cyclase -> increased cAMP -> PKA -> phosphorylates CFTR -> chloride pumped out and water follows)

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10
Q

What is treatment for ETEC?

A

Oral rehydration

Shorten duration with fluoroquinolone

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11
Q

What is clinical presentation of EPEC?

A

Watery diarrhea and vomiting in infants in developing countries

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12
Q

What are virulence factors for EPEC?

A

Bundle-forming pillus
Attaching and effacing Type III secretion system on LEE pathogenicity island
- Tir and intimin

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13
Q

What is treatment for EPEC?

A

Breast feeding is protective
Oral rehydration
Antibiotics not effective

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14
Q

What is clinical presentation of EHEC?

A

Watery, bloody diarrhea
Hemorrhagic colitis
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome

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15
Q

How is EHEC transmitted?

A

All comes back to cattle!

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16
Q

What are the virulence factors of EHEC?

A

Shiga toxins

Attaching and effacing Type III secretion system on LEE pathogenicity island

17
Q

What is the mechanism of Shiga toxin?

A

Depurinates 28S rRNA, stopping protein synthesis

Cell death occurs and forms clots on cell

18
Q

Why can’t you give antibiotics to treat EHEC?

A

INCREASES SHIGA TOXIN PRODUCTION

Induces an SOS response that causes phage production and therefore toxin production

19
Q

What category of E. Coli does O157:H7 fall into?

A

EHEC

20
Q

What is the difference between typical v. atypical EPEC?

A

Atypical does not have bundle forming pilus

21
Q

What is the treatment for EHEC?

A

Avoid uncooked cattle things

DO NOT GIVE ANTIBIOTICS

22
Q

How can O157:H7 be diagnosed?

A

MacConkey sorbitol agar plate, O157:H7 will not ferment on the plate but other strains will

23
Q

What is clinical presentation of EAEC?

A

Diarrhea with mucous (also travelers)

Associated with growth retardation

24
Q

What are virulence factors of EAEC?

A

Pili (aggregative adherence)

Cytotoxins

25
Q

What is clinical presentation of ExPEC?

A

Most common cause of UTI in sexually active women

Can cause Neonatal meningitis

26
Q

What are virulence factors of ExPEC that causes neonatal meningitis?

A

K1 capsule
S fimbriae
Cellular invasion

27
Q

What is the treatment for ExPEC neonatal meningitis?

A

3rd generation cephalosporins (Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime)

28
Q

What is clinical presentation of Klebsiella?

A

Pneumonia

UTI

29
Q

What is treatment for Klebsiella?

A

Treat based on resistance, usually sensitive to cephalosporins
But always resistance to penicillins!

30
Q

How do Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Serratia appear when plated?

A

Encapsulated and mucoid

31
Q

What is treatment for Enterobacter and Serratia?

A

Has inducible resistance to cephalosporins!! Don’t use them even if it says sensitive!!
Use penicillin, carbapenem, fluoroquinolone

32
Q

What is clinical presentation of Proteus?

A

UTIs, espec with catheters

33
Q

What are virulence factors of Proteus?

A

Urease (causes stone formation and protease stays in stone)

Swarming motilty

34
Q

What is treatment for Proteus?

A

Usually sensitive to penicillins

But unusual among GNB since resistant to tigecycline and polymixin!

Bacteriology (19 decks)

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