Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bacteriology > Anaerobes > Flashcards

Anaerobes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the proper way to get Anaerobic cultures?

A

Collect in STERILE manner! Can’t be contaminated with normal flora
(Can’t swab, need aspirate/surgical specimen/biopsy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the morphology of Peptostreptococcus?

A

Gram positive cocci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the morphology of Clostridium?

A

Gram positive rod (spore forming)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the morphology of Actinomyces?

A

Gram positive rod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the morphology of Lactobacillus?

A

Gram positive rod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the morphology of Bacteroides?

A

Gram negative rod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the morphology of Fusobacterium?

A

Gram negative rod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the morphology of Mobiluncus?

A

Gram positive rod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the morphology of Propionibacterium?

A

Gram positive rod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What diseases are caused by Peptostreptococcus (gram positive cocci)?

A

Polymicrobial (lots of other bacteria involved)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What diseases are caused by Actinomyces (Gram pos rod)?

A

Acinomycosis - chronic lesions associated with abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a sign of actinomycosis?

A

“sulfur granules” in abscess material

- Often get mistaken for malignancies, hard and fibrous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does Actinomyces appear in culture?

A

“molar tooth” colonies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the treatment for Actinomyces?

A

Penicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What diseases are caused by Lactobacillus?

A

Septicemia in immunocompromised patients

Endocarditis in persons with underlying valve abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the treatment for Lactobacillus?

A

Penicillin or combo with aminoglycoside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What diseases are caused by Mobiluncus?

A

Bacterial vaginosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What diseases are caused by Propionibacterium?

A

Acne

Opportunistic infections of prosthetic device

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the major virulence factor in Bacteroides fragilis?

A

Polysaccharide capsule

20
Q

What diseases are caused by Bacteroides fragilis?

A

Abscess formation

21
Q

What is the treatment of Bacteroides fragilis?

A

Metronidazole

Resistant to penicillins

22
Q

What is the treatment of Mobiluncus?

A

Penicillin

Resistant to metronidazole, so probably not cause of bacterial vaginosis since metronidazole treats that

23
Q

What diseases are caused by Fusobacterium?

A

Oropharyngeal infections

  • Gingivitis - trench mouth
  • Pharyngitis
  • Jugular venous thrombophleitis - Lemierre’s syndrome
24
Q

What is Lemierre’s syndrome?

A

Pharyngitis due to Fusobacterium -> peritonsillar abscess -> spread of bacteria through parapharyngeal spaces -> thrombophlebitis of internal jugular vein
(Clots can embolize)

25
Q

What is treatment of Fusobacterium?

A

Beta lactam-beta lactamase inhibitor

Ampicillin-sulbactam

26
Q

What characterizes Clostridium?

A

Spore-producing

27
Q

What is the toxin released by Clostridium tetani?

A

Tetanospasmin

28
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Tetanospasmin?

A

Gets internalized into motor neurons and cleaves proteins necessary for release of inhibitory transmitters
Hence, stay in state of excitatory synaptic activity (constant contraction = tetanus)

29
Q

What are the four forms of tetanus?

A

Generalized tetanus
Localized tetanus
Cephalic tetanus
Neonatal tetanus

30
Q

What are some major clinical presentations of tetanus?

A

Spastic paralysis
Trismus (inability to open mouth due to masseter contraction)
Opisthotonos (contraction of back muscles)
Apnea (contraction of pharyngeal muscles)

31
Q

What is the treatment for C. tetani?

A

Metronidazole
(don’t use Penicillin, can theoretically worsen muscle issues)
Vaccination
Ventilation support

32
Q

What diseases are caused by Clostridium botulinum?

A

Botulism from release of botulinum toxin

33
Q

What are the forms of botulism?

A

Foodborne (usually home canned vegetables or fermented tofu)
Wound
Infant
Inhalation (biological weapon)

34
Q

What is the mechanism of action of botulinum toxin?

A

Inhibits release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions, so don’t get any excitatory input.
Results in flaccid paralysis (opposite of tetanus)

35
Q

What is the major clinical presentation of botulism?

A

Cranial neuropathies with DESCENDING paralysis (in contrast to Guillain-Barre syndrome caused by Campylobacter), progressing to respiratory failure

No major sensory deficits or unresponsiveness (also unlike Guillain-Barre)

36
Q

What is the treatment of botulism?

A

Metronidazole
Trivalent botulinum antitoxin (anti-A,B,E) to bind circulating toxin
Ventilation support

37
Q

How do Clostridium perfingens colonies appear when plated?

A

Double zone of hemolysis

38
Q

What toxins are produced by C. perfingens?

A

“Lethal” toxins: alpha, beta, epsilon, iota

Enterotoxin

39
Q

What diseases are caused by Clostridium perfingens?

A

Food poisoning
Soft tissue infections (classically myonecrosis [gas gangrene])
Bacteremia

40
Q

What is the treatment of Clostridium perfingens?

A

For serious infection, need surgery and debridement

Penicillin + clindamycin

41
Q

What toxins are produced by Clostridium difficile?

A

Enterotoxin

Cytotoxin

42
Q

What diseases are caused by C. diff?

A

Range from diarrhea to pseudo-membranous collitis, can progress to toxic megacolon
Usually from suppression of normal flora due to antibiotics

43
Q

Which antibiotics are most commonly implicated in C. diff infection?

A

CLINDAMYCIN

44
Q

How does pseudomembranous colitis appear on histo?

A

Denuded epithelium

Psuedoplaque

45
Q

How can you test for C. diff infection (not just colonization)?

A

PCR amplification of toxin genes

Can’t do culture

46
Q

What is the treatment for C. diff colitis?

A

Metronidazole + vancomycin

Bacteriology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions