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Y5 FINALS > Haematology > Flashcards

Haematology Flashcards

1
Q

Microcytic anaemia

A

IDA, Thalassaemia, sideroblastic anaemia

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2
Q

Normocytic anaemia

A

Anaemia of chronic disease, Acute blood loss, pregnancy, hypothyroidism, bone marrow failure, renal failure, Haemolysis

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3
Q

Macrocytic anaemia

A

B12 deficiency, folate deficiency, alcohol, reticulocytosis, cytotoxics, myelodysplastic syndromes, marrow infiltration, hypothyroidism, antifolate drugs

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4
Q

Haemolytic anaemia

A

Reticulocytes >100, mild macrocytosis, ⬇️haptoglobin, ⬇️bilirubin

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5
Q

⬇️iron, ⬆️TIBC, ⬇️Ferritin

A

IDA

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6
Q

⬇️iron, ⬇️TIBC, ⬆️ferritin

A

Anaemia of chronic disease

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7
Q

⬆️iron, ⬇️TIBC, ⬆️ferritin

A

haemochromatosis

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8
Q

Direct Coombs test

A

Autoimmune causes of haemolytic anaemia

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9
Q

Indirect Coombs test

A

pre-natal and before blood transfusions

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10
Q

Acquired causes of haemolytic anaemia

Coombs +ve

A

Drug induced, autoimmune (warm, cold)

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11
Q

Acquired causes of haemolytic anaemia (Coombs -ve)

A

AI hep, hep b and c, drugs

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12
Q

Microangiopathic haemolytic syndrome causes

A

HUS, DIC, TTP, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia

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13
Q

Hereditary cause of haemolytic anaemia

A

G6PD deficiency, pyruvate kinase deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis, hereditary elliptocytosis, sickle cell, thalassaemia

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14
Q

Vaso-occlusive crisis

A

microvascular crisis, bone pain, dactylitis (<3y), abdo pain - mesenteric ischaemia, CNS infarction

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15
Q

Aplastic crisis

A

Parovirus B19, self limiting

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16
Q

Sequestrian crisis

A

occlusion in spleen, pooling of blood with organomegaly. severe anaemia and shock
rx - urgent transfusion

17
Q

Acute chest syndrome

A

pulm infiltrates involving complete lung segments

iv abx

18
Q

Blood transfusion reactions

A

GOT A BAD UNIT
graft vs host, overload, thrombocytopenia, alloimmunization, BP unstable, AHR, DHR, Uticaria, neutrophilia, infection, TRALI

19
Q

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

A

Reed Sternberg cells, ABVD

20
Q

Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma

extra nodal disease

A

Gastric MALT (h pylori and non h pylori), waldeyers ring, bone, CNS, lung

21
Q

Myeloma

A

CRAB - hypercalcaemia, renal failure, anaemia, bone lesions

22
Q

⬆️RBC

A

Polycythemia vera

23
Q

⬆️WBC

A

CML

24
Q

⬆️Platelets

A

Essential thrombocythaemia

25
Q

⬆️fibroblasts

A

myelofibrosis

26
Q

Thrombophilia

A

APC resistance, protein c and s deficiency, prothrombin gene mutation, antithrombin deficiency, APLS, OCP/HRT, thrombocytosis/polycythaemia

27
Q

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma types (B cell)

A

follicular, diffuse large B cell, Burkitt’s

28
Q

Burkitt’s

A

t(8:14), associated with EBV, highly aggressive
extra nodal - Africa (jaw), non-Africa (abdo)
starry sky appearance on blood smear

29
Q

Diffuse Large B cell

A

most common, aggressive

30
Q

Follicular

A

t(14:18)

smear - packs follicles (centrocytes)

Y5 FINALS (41 decks)

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