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Principles > Haematology > Flashcards

Haematology Flashcards

1
Q

Blood is cells contained in liquid. What is this liquid?

A

Plasma

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2
Q

What is plasma composed of?

A

Water, proteins, nutrients and salts

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3
Q

What subsets are blood cells divided into?

A

Right, white and platelets

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4
Q

What further subsets are white blood cells divided into?

A

Granular and agranular

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5
Q

What are examples of granular WBC’s?

A

Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils

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6
Q

What are examples of agranular WBC’s?

A

Monocytes and lymphocytes

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7
Q

What do RBC’s do?

A

Carry oxygen

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8
Q

Where are RBC’s produced?

A

Bone marrow

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9
Q

What do WBC’s do?

A

Respond to infection/inflammation

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10
Q

What do platelets do?

A

Prevent bleeding

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11
Q

Red blood cells don’t have a nucleus, what do they have instead?

A

Haemoglobin

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12
Q

What is haemoglobin?

A

An iron containing protein

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13
Q

What leads to a lack of haemoglobin?

A

Lack of iron

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14
Q

What do red blood cells need in order to mature?

A

Vitamin B12 and folate

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15
Q

What is used to measure RBC’s?

A

Haemoglobin

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16
Q

What does low haemoglobin give you?

A

Anaemia

17
Q

What is microcytic anaemia and what causes it?

A

Iron deficiency- chronic blood loss

18
Q

What is macrocytic anaemia?

A

B12/folate deficiency

19
Q

What causes normocytic anaemia?

A

Acute blood loss

20
Q

What can a rise in haemoglobin mean?

A

Hypoxia

21
Q

What can cause an increase in neutrophils?

A

‘stress’ i.e. acute infection, trauma, infarction or inflammation

22
Q

What can cause an increase in eosinophils?

A

Parasitic infections and hypersensitivity/allergic reactions

23
Q

What can cause an increase in basophils?

A

Hypersensitivity/allergic reactions

24
Q

What can cause an increase in monocytes?

A

Chronic infection, autoimmune problems or malignancy

25
Q

What can cause an increase in lymphocytes?

A

Viral infection

26
Q

What comes under the assessment of plasma?

A

Coagulation proteins and plasma viscosity

27
Q

What can cause an increase in platelets?

A

Blood loss, iron deficiency, inflammation, malignancy

28
Q

What can cause a decrease in platelets?

A

Drugs, acute blood loss, enlarged spleen

29
Q

What are D-dimers?

A

A breakdown product of fibrin showing increased fibrin deposition

Principles (11 decks)

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