Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Tissues of the Body > Haematology > Flashcards

Haematology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the average lifespan of neutrophils?

A

2-4 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is bone marrow predominantly found in adults?

A

pelvis, sternum, skull, ribs and vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In which places are we more likely to get cancer?

A

Places where the bone marrow is more active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Approximately how much of bone marrow should be adipocytes?

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where do cells attach as they mature?

A

The stroma of the bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is haemopoiesis?

A

The formation of blood cellular components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which hormone drives RBC formation?

A

Erythropoietin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which hormone drives platelet production?

A

Thrombopoietin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the origin of all blood cells?

A

Haemocytoblast (haematopoietic stem cell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What 2 types of progenitor cells are derived from the haemocytoblast?

A

myeloid progenitor and lymphoid progenitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which cells are of the lymphoid lineage?

A

NK cells, B and T lymphocytes and plasma cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the functions of RBCs?

A

carry haemoglobin and deliver oxygen to tissues, maintain haemoglobin in reduced form, maintain osmotic equilibrium and generate energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which state of haemoglobin is the binding state?

A

R state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the roles of globin chains?

A

protect haem molecule, confer solubility and permit variation in oxygen affinity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where are the gene clusters for haemoglobin?

A

Chromosomes 11 and 16

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When do we switch from fetal to adult haemoglobin?

A

3-6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the steps of erythropoiesis?

A

reduced partial pressure of oxygen detected in kidneys (hypoxia) : interstitial peritubular cells, increases production of erythropoietin, stimulates maturation and release of RBCs from bone marrow : acts on E-progenitor cells of bone marrow, haemoglobin conc rises, partial pressure of oxygen rises, erythropoietin production falls

18
Q

Which cells does erythropoietin act on?

A

E-progenitor cells in the bone marrow

19
Q

Which cells produce platelets?

A

Megakaryocytes

20
Q

Where are platelets stored until needed?

A

Spleen

21
Q

What are the functions of platelets?

A
  1. adhere to connective tissue
  2. aggregate with other platelets
  3. form platelet plugs
  4. facilitate clotting
22
Q

Name some structural features of platelets and why they are important

A

Phospholipid membrane = for clotting factor and platelet adhesion
Alpha granules = contain glycoproteins to make receptors
Dense bodies = contain molecules to aid platelet aggregation

23
Q

Which molecules aid platelet aggregation?

A

serotonin, ADP, catecholamines and calcium

24
Q

Which receptor can platelets adhere to?

A

vWF receptor

Von Willebrand factor

25
Q

What is the function of a fibrin mesh?

A

trapping platelets and RBCs

26
Q

What is the reticuloendothelial system?

A

cells identify and mount an appropriate immune response to foreign antigens and the recycling of nutrients and amino acids occurs

27
Q

What colour granules do eosinophils have?

A

Orange/red

28
Q

How long are eosinophils in circulation and what is their lifespan?

A

3-8 hours in circulation

8-12 day lifespan

29
Q

What are the roles of eosinophils?

A

phagocytosis of antigen-antibody complexes and mediation of hypersensitivity reactions (asthma, skin inflammation)

30
Q

What is the half-life of basophils?

A

2.5 days

31
Q

What do the dense granules of basophils contain?

A

histamine, heparin, hyaluronic acid and serotonin

32
Q

Which cells form antibodies?

A

B lymphocytes

33
Q

What are the 2 types of T lymphocytes?

A 
Helper cells (CD4+)
Suppressor cells (CD8+)
34
Q

What can B cells transform into?

A

plasmablasts or memory cells

35
Q

What do plasmablasts do?

A

produce lots of antibodies and migrate to marrow to form plasma cells

36
Q

How do T cells differentiate?

A

migrate to thymus and undergo TCR rearrangement before differentiation

37
Q

What is the role of CD4+ cells?

A

induce proliferation and differentiation in T and B cells and activate macrophages

38
Q

What are CD8+ cells for?

A

Cytotoxic activity to induce apoptosis in other cells

39
Q

Which cells stop the formation of tumours?

A

NK cells

40
Q

How do NK cells kill?

A

By lysis (same mechanism as T cells)

41
Q

What is the average life span of a platelet?

A

10 days

Tissues of the Body (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions