Epithelial Tissue

Question 1

Where are the nuclei usually positioned in cuboidal epithelium?

Answer 1

centrally positioned

Question 2

Which epithelium lines the duodenum?

Answer 2

Simple columnar

Question 3

Where are the nuclei usually positioned in columnar epithelium?

Answer 3

Basally positioned

Question 4

What type of epithelium lines the sweat gland duct?

Answer 4

Stratified cuboidal

Question 5

Is the stratified squamous epithelium in the oesophagus keratinised?

Answer 5

No

It is non-keratinised stratified squamous

Question 6

Which 2 layers does interdigitation occur between?

Answer 6

connective tissue dermal ridges and epithelial ridges

Question 7

Which epithelium usually lines blood vessel lumens?

Answer 7

simple squamous

Question 8

Define epithelia

Answer 8

Sheets of contiguous cells, of varied embryonic origin, that cover the external surface of the body and line the internal surfaces.

Question 9

On which parts of the body is the epithelium derived from the ectoderm?

Answer 9

Epidermis of Skin and Cornea of Eye

Question 10

For which parts of the body are the epithelia derived from mesoderm?

Answer 10

Urogenital tract, Blood and Lymphatic vessels, Pericardial and Pleural Sac lining and Peritoneal lining

Question 11

For which parts of the body is the epithelial derived from endoderm?

Answer 11

Respiratory tract, GI tract, Liver and Many glands eg. thyroid and salivary

Question 12

What is a basement membrane?

Answer 12

It is a non-cellular layer that lies between the epithelial cells and the connective tissue. It is a thin and flexible, cellular and molecular filter.

Question 13

Define endothelium

Answer 13

The simple squamous epithelial lining of all vascular elements.

Question 14

Define mesothelium

Answer 14

The simple squamous epithelial lining of the pleural sac, pericardial sac and the peritoneum.

Question 15

What are the functions of simple squamous epithelium?

Answer 15

Lubrication, Gas exchange, Barrier and Active transport by pinocytosis

Question 16

What are the functions of simple cuboidal epithelium?

Answer 16

Absorption and conduit (channel for the passage of fluids)
Absorption and secretion
Barrier
Hormone synthesis, storage and mobilisation

Question 17

What is occludin?

Answer 17

A protein that tightly binds adjacent plasma membranes in apical portions of some epithelia.

Question 18

What are the functions of simple columnar epithelium?

Answer 18

Absorption, Secretion, Lubrication and Transport

Question 19

What are principal cells?

Answer 19

Cells of the epididymis that absorb fluid, secrete substances to promote sperm maturation and phagocytose residual bodies or degenerate sperm.

Question 20

What are the functions of pseudostratified epithelia?

Answer 20

Secretion and conduit
Absorption
Mucus secretion
Particle trapping and removing

Question 21

What are the functions of non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelia?

Answer 21

protection against abrasion and reduces water loss

Question 22

What are the functions of keratinised stratified squamous epithelia?

Answer 22

protection against abrasion and trauma
prevents water loss
prevents ingress of microbes
shields against UV light damage

Question 23

Define a gland

Answer 23

An epithelial cell or collection of cells specialised for secretion.

Question 24

What does CFTR stand for?

Answer 24

cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator

Question 25

Give 2 examples of a simple, branched, tubular gland

Answer 25

mucous glands of oesophagus and duodenum

Question 26

What type of gland are the sebaceous glands?

Answer 26

Simple, branched, alveolar

Question 27

Where would you find compound tubular glands?

Answer 27

mouth and testes

Question 28

What type of gland are the mammary glands?

Answer 28

Compound, alveolar (acinar)

Question 29

Which glands stain better: mucous or serous?

Answer 29

Serous stains better pink in H and E

Question 30

What type of molecule are mucins?

Answer 30

Glycosylated polypeptides

Question 31

What are the 3 major salivary glands called?

Answer 31

submandibular, parotid and sublingual

Question 32

Which type of salivary gland only secretes serous secretions?

Answer 32

Parotid

Question 33

Where are the salivary glands located?

Answer 33

submandibular: under the tongue parotid: just in front of the ear sublingual: inside of cheek

Question 34

Which enzyme catalyses the formation of T3 and T4?

Answer 34

Thyroid peroxidase

Question 35

Name the 3 sections of the adrenal cortex and state what they secrete

Answer 35

Zona glomerulosa: mineralocorticoids eg. aldosterone Zona fasciculata: glucocorticoids eg. cortisol Zona reticularis: sex hormones/androgens

Question 36

What are the 3 layers of a mucous membrane?

Answer 36

epithelial lining layer of connective tissue: lamina propria muscularis mucosa (only in the alimentary tract)

Question 37

What 2 layers does a serous membrane consist of?

Answer 37

mesothelium | thin layer of connective tissue

Question 38

What is the difference between the visceral and parietal serosa?

Answer 38

Visceral - inner lining: closer to the organs | Parietal - outer lining: closer to the skin

Question 39

Name the 4 layers of the gut wall

Answer 39

mucosa submucosa muscularis externae serosa

Question 40

What are Peyer's patches?

Answer 40

Aggregations of lymphocytes which are often present in the lamina propria. (Usually towards the colon where bacterial attack is likely to occur)

Question 41

What are the 3 layers of a mucosa?

Answer 41

epithelium lamina propria muscularis mucosae

Question 42

What is a submucosa?

Answer 42

A layer of connective tissue bearing glands, arteries, veins and nerves.

Question 43

In the muscularis externa, which layer is longitudinal and which is circular?

Answer 43

``` longitudinal = outer layer circular = inner layer ```

Question 44

What are rugae?

Answer 44

Folds of gastric mucosa forming longitudinal ridges in an empty stomach.

Question 45

Where does most of the absorption of nutrients occur?

Answer 45

Jejunum

Question 46

What are the type I and type II cells of the alveoli and how much does each contribute to the total number of cells?

Answer 46

Type I = simple squamous epithelium (90%) Type II = simple cuboidal epithelium (10%)