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Tissues of the Body > Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the nuclei usually positioned in cuboidal epithelium?

A

centrally positioned

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2
Q

Which epithelium lines the duodenum?

A

Simple columnar

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3
Q

Where are the nuclei usually positioned in columnar epithelium?

A

Basally positioned

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4
Q

What type of epithelium lines the sweat gland duct?

A

Stratified cuboidal

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5
Q

Is the stratified squamous epithelium in the oesophagus keratinised?

A

No

It is non-keratinised stratified squamous

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6
Q

Which 2 layers does interdigitation occur between?

A

connective tissue dermal ridges and epithelial ridges

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7
Q

Which epithelium usually lines blood vessel lumens?

A

simple squamous

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8
Q

Define epithelia

A

Sheets of contiguous cells, of varied embryonic origin, that cover the external surface of the body and line the internal surfaces.

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9
Q

On which parts of the body is the epithelium derived from the ectoderm?

A

Epidermis of Skin and Cornea of Eye

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10
Q

For which parts of the body are the epithelia derived from mesoderm?

A

Urogenital tract, Blood and Lymphatic vessels, Pericardial and Pleural Sac lining and Peritoneal lining

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11
Q

For which parts of the body is the epithelial derived from endoderm?

A

Respiratory tract, GI tract, Liver and Many glands eg. thyroid and salivary

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12
Q

What is a basement membrane?

A

It is a non-cellular layer that lies between the epithelial cells and the connective tissue. It is a thin and flexible, cellular and molecular filter.

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13
Q

Define endothelium

A

The simple squamous epithelial lining of all vascular elements.

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14
Q

Define mesothelium

A

The simple squamous epithelial lining of the pleural sac, pericardial sac and the peritoneum.

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15
Q

What are the functions of simple squamous epithelium?

A

Lubrication, Gas exchange, Barrier and Active transport by pinocytosis

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16
Q

What are the functions of simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

Absorption and conduit (channel for the passage of fluids)
Absorption and secretion
Barrier
Hormone synthesis, storage and mobilisation

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17
Q

What is occludin?

A

A protein that tightly binds adjacent plasma membranes in apical portions of some epithelia.

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18
Q

What are the functions of simple columnar epithelium?

A

Absorption, Secretion, Lubrication and Transport

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19
Q

What are principal cells?

A

Cells of the epididymis that absorb fluid, secrete substances to promote sperm maturation and phagocytose residual bodies or degenerate sperm.

20
Q

What are the functions of pseudostratified epithelia?

A

Secretion and conduit
Absorption
Mucus secretion
Particle trapping and removing

21
Q

What are the functions of non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelia?

A

protection against abrasion and reduces water loss

22
Q

What are the functions of keratinised stratified squamous epithelia?

A

protection against abrasion and trauma
prevents water loss
prevents ingress of microbes
shields against UV light damage

23
Q

Define a gland

A

An epithelial cell or collection of cells specialised for secretion.

24
Q

What does CFTR stand for?

A

cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator

25
Q

Give 2 examples of a simple, branched, tubular gland

A

mucous glands of oesophagus and duodenum

26
Q

What type of gland are the sebaceous glands?

A

Simple, branched, alveolar

27
Q

Where would you find compound tubular glands?

A

mouth and testes

28
Q

What type of gland are the mammary glands?

A

Compound, alveolar (acinar)

29
Q

Which glands stain better: mucous or serous?

A

Serous stains better pink in H and E

30
Q

What type of molecule are mucins?

A

Glycosylated polypeptides

31
Q

What are the 3 major salivary glands called?

A

submandibular, parotid and sublingual

32
Q

Which type of salivary gland only secretes serous secretions?

A

Parotid

33
Q

Where are the salivary glands located?

A

submandibular: under the tongue
parotid: just in front of the ear
sublingual: inside of cheek

34
Q

Which enzyme catalyses the formation of T3 and T4?

A

Thyroid peroxidase

35
Q

Name the 3 sections of the adrenal cortex and state what they secrete

A

Zona glomerulosa: mineralocorticoids eg. aldosterone
Zona fasciculata: glucocorticoids eg. cortisol
Zona reticularis: sex hormones/androgens

36
Q

What are the 3 layers of a mucous membrane?

A

epithelial lining
layer of connective tissue: lamina propria
muscularis mucosa (only in the alimentary tract)

37
Q

What 2 layers does a serous membrane consist of?

A

mesothelium

thin layer of connective tissue

38
Q

What is the difference between the visceral and parietal serosa?

A

Visceral - inner lining: closer to the organs

Parietal - outer lining: closer to the skin

39
Q

Name the 4 layers of the gut wall

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externae
serosa

40
Q

What are Peyer’s patches?

A

Aggregations of lymphocytes which are often present in the lamina propria. (Usually towards the colon where bacterial attack is likely to occur)

41
Q

What are the 3 layers of a mucosa?

A

epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosae

42
Q

What is a submucosa?

A

A layer of connective tissue bearing glands, arteries, veins and nerves.

43
Q

In the muscularis externa, which layer is longitudinal and which is circular?

A 
longitudinal = outer layer
circular = inner layer
44
Q

What are rugae?

A

Folds of gastric mucosa forming longitudinal ridges in an empty stomach.

45
Q

Where does most of the absorption of nutrients occur?

A

Jejunum

46
Q

What are the type I and type II cells of the alveoli and how much does each contribute to the total number of cells?

A

Type I = simple squamous epithelium (90%)

Type II = simple cuboidal epithelium (10%)

Tissues of the Body (12 decks)

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