Haematology

Question 1

what are the features of rhesus cross matching transfusion reaction

Answer 1

back pain, dyspnoea and cv collapse

Question 2

what haematological disorder is associated with bcr abl gene?

Answer 2

chronic myeloid leukaemia (also ALL)

Question 3

what is typical of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinria

Answer 3

brown urine and dipstick positive for blood but then no red cells on microscopsy

Question 4

What is the pathophysiology in methaemoglobinaemia

Answer 4

oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+

Question 5

what chromosomal abnormalities is associated with a poor prognosis in AML

Answer 5

chromosome 7

Question 6

should a lump suspicious for a lymphoma be excision biopsied or fine needle biopsied?

Answer 6

excision

Question 7

if a blood sample is contaminated with heparin what will be rasied?

Answer 7

aptt

Question 8

what finding is there after a splenectomy on blood film

Answer 8

howell jolly bodies

Question 9

Where do you see heinz bodies

Answer 9

g6pd deficiency

Question 10

where are auer rods seen

Answer 10

blast cells in aml

Question 11

what is the worst category of hodgkin’s

Answer 11

lymphocyte deplete hodkin’s

Question 12

what haematological conditions result in gout

Answer 12

myeloproliferative disorders eg polycythaemia vera

Question 13

what is underlying cause of haemolysis in G6PD deficiency

Answer 13

reduced levels of NADPH

Question 14

how is g6pd inherited

Answer 14

x linked

Question 15

In which condition is philadelphia chromosome a poor prognosis

Answer 15

ALL (always found in CML)

Question 16

which paraprotein is increased in waldestrom’s macroglbulinaemia

Answer 16

IgM paraprotein

Question 17

what abnormality does cyclosporin toxicity cause

Answer 17

renal dysfunction

Question 18

What is the drug for heparin reversal

Answer 18

protamine sulphate

Question 19

what is the drug for the reversal of warfarin

Answer 19

prothrombin complex concentrate (in acute), less acute is vitamin K

Question 20

what should be used to reverse systemic effects alteplase?

Answer 20

TXA

Question 21

When does sideroblastic anaemia occur (rings of iron around nuclei of developing erythrocytes)

Answer 21

lead poisoining, myelodysplastic syndroe

Question 22

what is mycosis fungoides

Answer 22

cutaneous t cell lymphoma

Question 23

What clotting disorder has been described in nephrotic syndrome

Answer 23

protein S deficiency

Question 24

Why do we use irradiated blood products

Answer 24

inactivates donor lymphocytes

Question 25

Treatment of DIC

Answer 25

Al trans retanoic acid

With daunorubicin or idarubicin

Question 26

Clinical features of ttp

Answer 26

Anaemia and thrombocytopenia (pentad)

Question 27

Triad of HUS

Answer 27

1. Aki
2. Microangiopathic hemolytic anaemia
3. Thrombocytopenia

Question 28

Protein implicated in hereditary spherocytosis

Answer 28

Spectrin

Question 29

What can fludabarine cause

Answer 29

ai Haemolytic anaemia
Tx prednisolone or rituximab if no response

Question 30

Tx for raised inr with warfarin

Answer 30

Prothrombin complex concentrate

Question 31

treatment for waldestrom’s macroglobulinaemia

Answer 31

bendamustine plus rituximab