HadPop - Lecture 8

Question 1

Explain the causes of association:

Answer 1

• Chance
• Bias
• Confounding

Question 2

What does the Bradford hill criteria show?

Answer 2

‘Inferring causality’

Question 3

What does the Bradford hill criteria show?

Answer 3

‘Inferring causality’ - see if there is a causal relationship between the exposure and outcome.

Question 4

What are the Bradford hill criteria.

Answer 4

ASSOCIATION FEATURE

• Strength of association - Measure of association
• specificity of association - A causal link is more likely was a outcome is associated only with a specific factor.
• consistency of association - Reproducibility

EXPOSURE / OUTCOME

• Temporal sequence - a causal link cannot occur if the outcome was before the exposure
• Dose response - does different doses of exposure change the risk?
• Reversibility - reduced exposure leads to less risk of obtaining disease

OTHER OUTCOMES

• Coherence of theory - is it in-line with current knowledge and theory.
• Biological plausibility -
• Analogy