HadPop - Lecture 2 Flashcards
What are the types of variables
1) Categorical
- Ordinal
- Nominal
2) Numerical
- Continuous
- Discrete
What is a continuous variable?
A value that lies between a certain set of real numbers
e.g. height, temperature
What is a discrete variable?
A fixed value
e.g. number of cars
What is an ordinal variable?
Categorical data that can be ranked
e.g. mild moderate
What is a nominal variable?
Categorical data that cannot be ranked
What type of data can a histogram represent?
Continuous
How can you summarise frequency distribution graphs?
1) SHAPE
- UNIMODAL / BIMODAL
2) LOCATION
- MEAN
- MODE
- MEDIAN
3) SPREAD
- IQR
- SD
If that graph is skewed to the right, what does this tell us about the mean and median?
The mean is greater than the median
What is IQR?
Difference between the first and third quartile
How do you calculate variance?
Sum of the squares / degrees of freedom
How do you calculate SD from variance?
Take the square root of variance
What does SD tell us?
The spread of data around the mean value
What does a scatter plot show us?
The relationship between two continuous variables
How can we analyse a scatter plot?
1) Linear or non linear
2) Weak or strong (dots close together = strong)
3) Negative or positive
What is the correlation coefficient
a number between +1 and −1 calculated so as to represent the linear interdependence of two variables or sets of data.
What is a ratio?
The division of two unrelated numbers
What is a proportion?
The division of two related numbers
What is rate?
Measure of frequency of occurrence per unit time
What is incidence?
the number of new cases of disease per population at risk at a particular time
What is prevalence?
The number of new and current diseases per population at a given time
How do you calculate cumulative incidence?
Number of new cases of disease / population at risk of disease
How do you calculate incidence rate?
Number of new cases of disease / population-time at risk of disease
How do you calculate prevalence?
Number of new and current cases of disease / current population at the time
How do you calculate IMR
Number of deaths in the first year of life / total number of births in that year
How do you calculate crude death rate?
Number of deaths per 1000 population
Age specific death rate
Number of deaths per 1000 in a age group
Define health promotion
Enabling people to take control over and improve their own health
What are the 5 key actions of health promotion
1) Medical
2) Behavioural change
3) Educational
4) Empowerment
5) Social change
Complications of health promotion?
1) Ethics of interfering in peoples lives
2) victim blaming
3) fallacy of empowerment
4) reinforcing negative stereotypes
Define a evaluation?
A rigours and systematic collection of data to assess the effectiveness of a program in achieving it outcomes
