HaDPop - Lecture 1 Flashcards
Define Epidemiology
The study of distribution and determinants of disease in a human population and the application of this study to control health problems
Define critical appraisal
A systematic assessment of validity, data and usefullness of already published articles
Primary prevention
Trying to prevent the onset of a disease by reducing exposure to the risk factor
Methods to conduct primary prevention
- Immunisation
- Reduce exposure to risk factor
- take necessary precautions
- Reduce risk factors from other behavioural trends
Secoundry prevention
Trying to treat and diagnose the disease early to prevent further progression
Tertiary prevention
Trying to reduce the effects of a already established disease
How can we do secoundry prevention?
Methods such as SCREENING
What are the determinants of health
1) Genetic factors
2) Individual lifestyle choices
3) Social and community
4) working a living conditions
5) socioeconomic, culture and
Domains of public health
Health protection
Health improvement
Improvement of services
Public health values
Health as a right
Health equity
Empowerment
Inclusiveness
Types of routine data
- demographic data
- Health event data
- population based health information
Types of demographic data
census
birth and death rate
Types of health event data
Mortality rate
Morbidity rate
Types of population based health information
Surveys
Benefits of routine data?
- Low cost
- Readily available
- Allows us to see trends within the population over time
Disadvantages of routine data?
- Incomplete bias
- Poorly presented
Define Census
The simultaneous collection of demographic data of all persons in a particular area.
How often is the census given?
Every 10 Years in the UK
What information does the census contain?
- Population size
- Population structure
- Population characteristics
Define population estimate?
apply what is know about birth, death and migration rate to the present
Define population projection
apply what you know about birth, death and migration rate to the future
Birth Notification
This is done within the first 36 hours of birth by someone who attend the birth e.g. midwife
Birth registration
Done within 42 days, to the local registrar for births
What is primary care
This is things like:
- GP
- Prescription drugs
What is secondary care
- Hospital
Name 3 disease registers?
- Cancer
- Diabetes
- Congenital abnormalities
When must the death certificate be filled in?
Within 5 days of the death to the local death registrar
Name part 1 and 2 of the death certificate
PART 1 - The direct cause of the death.
PART 2 - Any other significant diseases that are not directly related to the death
Why do we collect mortality data?
- Identify cause of death
- Identify trends in death rate
- Identify any health problems in the community
Define life expectancy
the average number of years a new-born is likely to live considering the current mortality statistics
