HadPop - Lecture 4 Flashcards
What are the three domains of public health?
1) Health protection - Infections disease, emergency response etc
2) Health improvement - education, housing, employment
3) Improvement of health services - service planning, audit
Define disease surveillance?
‘information for action’
Explain what the two methods of disease surveillance are ?
1) Passive surveillance - Where the designated body receives reports are documents which are submitted by hospitals, clinics etc. This is a cheaper method and information usually lacks completeness and quality
2) Active Surveillance - where staff of the designated body attended the hospitals etc and seek information. this is more expensive but the information is more likely to be complete and be of good quality.
What are the two types of surveillance?
1) Routine - Collection of basic minimum data set usually from one source
2) Enchanted - The collection of more detailed data, usually from more than one source.
What are the 4 limitations of surveillance?
1) Under-reporting
2) lack of representativeness of reported cases - clinicians are more likely to report more serious / rare cases hence we don’t get a true representation of what’s going on in the population
3) trends are difficult to interpret - this is because all the data is subject to change on a daily basis
4) Lack of denominators - data is based on place of treatment not residence.
There are 33 diseases which by law you must report to the proper if you come across them. list 4 of these?
- Measles
- Mumps
- Rubella
- Cholera
- Botulism
- Rabies
Define outbreak
This is when the observed number of cases exceeds the expected number of cases in a particular area.
Define cluster
two or more confirmed cases with a epidemiological link
What is a index case?
the first case to come to the attention of an investigator.
What is a secondary case?
The case that contracted that infection from the primary case.
Identify some sources of infection?
- Animal to person
- Waterborne
- Meat
- Person to person
Describe the path of transmission of infection.
1) Reservoir
2) Immediate source
3) Mode of transmission
4) Susceptible host
What does HAI stand for?
Hospital acquired infection
Tell us somethings about HAI?
HAI - Hopsital acquired infection
occurs in 1 in 10 patients
increases average stay of the patient by 11 days.
What is HCAI
Healthcare-associated infection
HCAI can occur because of the result of:
1) Treatment within the health care setting
2) as a result of direct healthcare delivery in the community
3) a infection which arises outside of the health care setting but then brought into the hospital by patients or staff and then spread to other patients.
What is a IPC program?
Infection, protection control program.
How can we prevent the transmission of infection?
1) making sure the resvioir and immediate source are free from the microbe.
2) Another way to do it is too isolate the susceptible host meaning they won’t be able to get the infection
3) Remove the mode of transport so it can’t travel to the host.
What is direct transmission?
This occurs via direct contact such as touching, biting or kissing
What is in-direct transmission?
tranmission via inanimate objects.
