H&S ch11 Flashcards
Titchener conceded that behaviorism…
had taken over psychology
Nebehaviorism
- core psych is study of learning
- most behaviors accounted for by laws of conditioning
- psych must adopt the principle of operation
Percy Bridgman - physical concepts must be defined…
precisely and all concepts lacking physical referents had to be discarded
Behaviorist in…
subject matter and methodology
all goals are…
goal-oriented - learning is evidence of purpose
Tolman listed 5 causes of behavior
- elemental stimuli
- psychological drives
- hereditary
- previous train
-age
Tolman inferred a set of…
unobservable factors - intervening variables
intervening variables
connected the stimulus situation with the observable response
Tolman rejected…
Thorndike’s law of effect - cognitive explanation
Expectations are established at…
each choice point
If expectation is confirmed…
sign Gestalt is strengthened
Clark Leonard Hull formulated…
the theory based on conditioning
Hull considered four…
methods useful for scientific research
hypothetico-deductive method
formulate postulates from which experimentally testable conclusions can be deducted
Postulated the interviewing variable of…
drive - primary and learned
Law of primary reinforcement
reduced primary need or drive
Habit strength
the strength of SR connection
Learning cannot take place without…
reinforcement
Skinner advocated a totally…
empirical system with no theory
Skinner has no…
interviewing variables, drive, or physiological processes - the ‘empty organism’ approach
Skinner refers to Pavlovian conditioning as…
respondent behavior
Operant conditioning occurs without…
any observable external antecedent stimulus - behavior appears to be spontaneous
Operant behavior operates on the…
organism’s enviornment
Law of acquisition
the strength of an operant behavior increases when it is followed by a reinforcing stimulus
