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h&s > H&S ch11 > Flashcards

H&S ch11 Flashcards

1
Q

Titchener conceded that behaviorism…

A

had taken over psychology

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2
Q

Nebehaviorism

A
  • core psych is study of learning
  • most behaviors accounted for by laws of conditioning
  • psych must adopt the principle of operation
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3
Q

Percy Bridgman - physical concepts must be defined…

A

precisely and all concepts lacking physical referents had to be discarded

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4
Q

Behaviorist in…

A

subject matter and methodology

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5
Q

all goals are…

A

goal-oriented - learning is evidence of purpose

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6
Q

Tolman listed 5 causes of behavior

A
  • elemental stimuli
  • psychological drives
  • hereditary
  • previous train
    -age
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7
Q

Tolman inferred a set of…

A

unobservable factors - intervening variables

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8
Q

intervening variables

A

connected the stimulus situation with the observable response

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9
Q

Tolman rejected…

A

Thorndike’s law of effect - cognitive explanation

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10
Q

Expectations are established at…

A

each choice point

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11
Q

If expectation is confirmed…

A

sign Gestalt is strengthened

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12
Q

Clark Leonard Hull formulated…

A

the theory based on conditioning

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13
Q

Hull considered four…

A

methods useful for scientific research

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14
Q

hypothetico-deductive method

A

formulate postulates from which experimentally testable conclusions can be deducted

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15
Q

Postulated the interviewing variable of…

A

drive - primary and learned

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16
Q

Law of primary reinforcement

A

reduced primary need or drive

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17
Q

Habit strength

A

the strength of SR connection

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18
Q

Learning cannot take place without…

A

reinforcement

19
Q

Skinner advocated a totally…

A

empirical system with no theory

20
Q

Skinner has no…

A

interviewing variables, drive, or physiological processes - the ‘empty organism’ approach

21
Q

Skinner refers to Pavlovian conditioning as…

A

respondent behavior

22
Q

Operant conditioning occurs without…

A

any observable external antecedent stimulus - behavior appears to be spontaneous

23
Q

Operant behavior operates on the…

A

organism’s enviornment

24
Q

Law of acquisition

A

the strength of an operant behavior increases when it is followed by a reinforcing stimulus

25
Q

Fixed interval study

A

reinforcer given every one or four minutes - as internal lengths, response rate declines

26
Q

Frequency of reinforcement also affects…

A

extinction of responce - intermittent reinforcement is resistant to extinction

27
Q

Fixed ratio schedules produce more…

A

responses then fixed interval

28
Q

successive approximation or shaping

A

organism is reinforced as behavior comes to approximate the final desired behavior

29
Q

Skinner suggests that learning to speak…

A

occurs through successive approximation

30
Q

Skinner invents the…

A

air crib

31
Q

Walden Two follows a…

A

utopian society in which all behaviors are controlled by behavioral conditioning and reinforcement

32
Q

Behavior modification

A

reinforce the desired behavior and so not reinforce undesired behavior - just like operant conditioning

33
Q

Bandura focuses exclusively on…

A

overt behavior and positive reinforcement

34
Q

punishment is not a part of…

A

a behavior modification program

35
Q

Bandura’s approach is…

A

social learning theory and is also cognitive

36
Q

Behavior changes through reinforement but…

A

we do not have to experience reinforcement directly - vicarious reinforcemnt

37
Q

Bandura says that we learn through…

A

modeling - observing other people and pattering our behavior on theirs

38
Q

Self-efficacy

A

our sense of self esteem or self worth and our feelings of adequacy, efficiency and competence

39
Q

High

A

expect to overcome obstacles, seek challenges, confidence

40
Q

Low

A

helpless, even hopeless: likey to give up: no control

41
Q

Behavior Mod

A

observe a model in situation that causes anxiety

42
Q

Internal locus of control

A

reinforcement depends on out behavior

43
Q

External locus of control

A

fate luck or other actions

44
Q

Methodological behaviorists

A

invoke internal cognitive processes and a part of psych subject matter

h&s (7 decks)

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