exam 1 #2 pt2

Question 1

internal validity

Answer 1

causal inference. changes in the dependent variable.

Question 2

External validity

Answer 2

generalizability. generalized to other populations or even people in general.

Question 3

quantitative research

Answer 3

generalizable to broader populations by numerical scoring

Question 4

Qualitative research

Answer 4

provides researchers with more perspectives on culture with open-ended questions and interviews

Question 5

“cultural equivalence of measures”?

Answer 5

measurements, assessments, and observations are similar if not equal across different ethnocultural populations

Question 5

traditional definition of intelligence

Answer 5

the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills

Question 6

alternative

Answer 6

our limitations in measuring intelligence may be the limitation of both how we measure intelligence and how we understand intelligence

Question 7

broad

Answer 7

any and all potentially salient ethographic, demographic, status, or affiliation identities

Question 8

Bias in the user

Answer 8

bias in the interpretation of a test when the test user has a particular perspective or bias that may disadvantage a person or group

Question 9

Bias in the usage

Answer 9

bias introduced when a test is used in an inappropriate manner, such as being administered in a language in which the test taker is not fluent.

Question 10

EMIC perspective

Answer 10

an attempt to derive meaningful concepts within one culture.

Question 11

ETIC perspective

Answer 11

an attempt to build theories of human behavior by examining commonalities across many culture

Question 12

IMPOSED etics

Answer 12

the imposition of one culture’s worldview on another culture, assuming that one’s own worldviews are universal.

Question 13

GUILT

Answer 13

personal regret for having engaged in a negative behavior.

Question 14

SHAME

Answer 14

regret for having engaged in a negative behavior that reflects badly upon his or her family and/or upbringing.

Question 15

locus of control

Answer 15

believe that they have control over their lives and that their position in life is based on their own attributes

Question 16

external locus of control

Answer 16

have little control over their lives yet accept the dominant society’s view that they are responsible for their position

Question 17

Maxim of quality

Answer 17

a communicative presumption that suggests that we tell each other the truth when we engage in a conversation. -LIAR

Question 18

Maxim of quantity

Answer 18

a communicative presumption that suggests that we contribute an appropriate amount of talk when we engage in a conversation. -TALKATIVE

Question 19

Maxim of relevance

Answer 19

a communicative presumption that suggests that our discussion is relevant to the conversation -OUT OF TOUCH

Question 20

Maxim of manner

Answer 20

a communicative presumption that suggests that we are clear in our language and that we pay attention to normal standards of conversation, such as not shouting at someone who is right in front of us. RUDE

Question 21

proxemics

Answer 21

personal space in conversation

Question 22

kinetics

Answer 22

bodily movements, “facial expressions, body movements, gestures, and conversational regulators”

Question 23

Paralanguage

Answer 23

nonverbal vocal cues in conversation, such as loudness of voice, silences, and rates of speech.

Question 24

giving face in asian cultures

Answer 24

“Giving face” is about shifting the spotlight away from yourself, even when credit is due You can then express your humility about receiving it.

Question 25

High-context communication

Answer 25

communication in which the context conveys much of the meaning.

Question 26

Low-context communication

Answer 26

language-dependent communication, in which the words carry most of the meaning and context plays a lesser role.

Question 27

Direct communication

Answer 27

literal and assertive communication. It is related to low-context communication in that the message is contained in the language used.

Question 28

Indirect communication

Answer 28

relies on both context and the receiver’s powers of inference.

Question 29

Additive bilingualism

Answer 29

the acquisition of a second language that does not replace the native language.

Question 30

Subtractive bilingualism

Answer 30

the acquisition of a second language that replaces the native language

Question 31

Language attrition

Answer 31

equivalent to subtractive bilingualism.