H&P Midterm MSK LE Flashcards
What do I inspect the spine for?
Posture
Gait
Curvature
Paravertebral muscles
What are the conditions of the spine that we discussed in class?
Scoliosis (curved spine)
What are the 3 types of gaits?
Antalgic gait (limp)
Wide-stance gait
Waddling/trendelenberg gait (weakness of abductors)
What do I inspect the hip for?
Symmetry
Muscle atrophy/bruising
Abnormalities
Leg length
What do I palpate the hip for?
Bony landmarks
Inguinal structures (ligaments, nodes, femoral nerves/vessels)
Bursas (iliopsoas, trochanteric, ischiogluteal, gluteus medius)
What two joints make up the knee?
Patellofemoral
Tibiofemoral
What is the knee bulge sign?
Drive fluid inferiorly towards knee joint, apply pressure to patellar tendon
+ will show fluid change on opposite side of patellar tendon. Indicative of effusion.
What is balloting the patella?
Drive fluid inferiorly towards knee joint, apply direct pressure to patella and push posteriorly.
+, palpable fluid returning to pouch confirms presence of large effusion.
What is the balloon sign?
Compress suprapatellar pouch against femur and feel for fluid entering/ballooning into the spaces next to the patella.
What is the mcMurray test?
Medial: Externally rotate leg with valgus stress
Lateral: Internally rotate leg with varus stress
Lift leg, rotate, then pull.
What are varus and valgus stress tests?
Varus = testing LCL, so force coming from inside knee.
Valgus = testing MCL, so force coming from outside knee.
Lift leg, hold above patella and ankle joint, then twist in opposite directions.
What are the anterior and posterior drawer tests?
Flex knees while laying, then push/pull knee.
Tests ACL and PCL.
What is lachman’s test?
Tests ACL, watch video to see demo.
> 3mm displacement from uninjured leg = positive for ACL tear.
What is thompson’s test?
Tests integrity of achilles tendon.
Prone patient. Squeeze calf.
+, foot does NOT plantar flex.
