H&P Midterm HEENT Flashcards
How do I check for glaucoma?
Light shown from temporal side. Normal is no shadow.
+, a shadow appears on iris, forming a crescent shape. See slide 17.
What does PERRL(A) stand for?
Pupils Equal Round and Reactive to Light (and Accommodation)
What is anisocoria?
Pupillary size inequality
How do I check eye alignment?
Shine light straight onto pt’s eye from 2 ft away. Light should appear in the center of their pupil.
Abnormal = esotropia
What is proptosis?
Protrusion of eyeball.
What is a Snellen chart?
Visual acuity chart with the letters. Handheld is 14 inches away, normal is 20 ft away.
Why is visual acuity written with 2 numbers?
First # is how far the chart is
Second # is how far a normal eye can read that line.
20/30 means chart is 20 ft away. A normal eye can read the letters from 30 ft away still.
Minimum VA for DL is 20/40.
What are the abnormalities for VA called?
Myopia = impaired far vision
Hyperopia = impaired near vision
Presbyopia = loss of focus (old eyes)
Legal blindness = 20/200 or worse.
How do I document each eye’s VA?
OD = right
OS = left
OU = both
What are some visual field defects?
Horizontal defect (loss of one eye’s lower half)
Blind R eye
Bitemporal hemianopsia (loss of lateral visual field, optic chiasm lesion)
L homonymous hemianopsia (loss of both left visual fields, R optic tract lesion)
Homonymous L superior quadrantic defect
What is refraction adjustment for?
Hyperopia is corrected via clockwise rotation, ^ focal power, focal point towards yourself.
Myopia is corrected via counterclockwise rotation, decrease focal power, focal point away from yourself.
How do I adjust aperture?
Dilated eyes need big apertures.
Normal eyes need small apertures.
What kind of glow should I see in a fundoscopic exam?
Red/orange reflex.
Abnormal suggests cataracts, corneal scarring, vitreous hemorrhage, or retinoblastoma.
What does the optic disk look like in a fundoscopic exam?
Round yellowish-orange circle. Follow blood vessels towards nose if not visible.
What can systemic HTN lead to in the retina?
Focal narrowing of retinal arteries
AV nicking (vein disappears under artery)
Increased light reflex of retinal arteries (copper wire appearance)
