H&N - Pharynx Flashcards
Constrictor muscles of pharynx
Superior contrictor
Middle
Inferior

Innervation of constrictor muscles
Vagus
Longitudinal muscles of the pharynx
Stylopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus

Innervation of longitudinal muscles of pharynx
Stylopharyneus- CN 9
Salpingopharyngeus - CN10
Palatopharyngeus - CN10
Function of longitudinal muscles of pharynx
Elevation of pharynx
Pharyngeal fascia
They coat pharyngeal muscles
Thin outer layer: buccopharyngeal fascia
Thick inner layer: pharyngobasilar fascia
Position of palatine tonsils (adenoids)
Between palatopharyngeal and palatoglossal arches

Arterial supply of palatine tonsils
Tonsillar artery (branch of facial artery)
Motor innervation of pharynx
Vagus (except stylopharyngeus: CN9)
Sensory innervation of pharynx
Nasopharynx: V2
Oropharynx: CN9
Laryngopharynx: CN10
Blood supply to larynx
Superior laryngeal artery (branch of superior thyroid)
Inferior laryngeal artery (branch of inferior thyroid)

Lymph drainage of thyroid gland
Above vocal cords: Upper deep cervical nodes
Below vocal cords: Prelaryngeal and pretracheal nodes and inferior deep cervical nodes
Innervation of laryngeal muscles
Cricothyroid: superior laryngeal nerve
Everything else: recurrent laryngeal nerve
Nerve supplying sensory innervation of laryngopharynxpharynx
Above vocal cords: superior laryngeal nerve
Below vocal cords: recurrent laryngeal nerve
Structure of nasal cavity
Choncha and meatus

Paranasal sinuses

Innervation of paranasal sinuses
Different branches of trigeminal

Openings of nasal canal

Little’s area
90% nose bleeds occur in little’s area

Foramen cecum of tongue
At apex of terminal sulcus: where epithelium invaginated to form thyroid gland
If thyroglossal duct persists: forms thyroglossal cyst

Papillae of the tongue
Filiform: end in one or more points
Fungiform: around the margins
Vallate: 8-12, anterior to terminal sulcus
Foliate: folds at sides of the tongue
They increase the surface area and have taste buds (except filiform)

Sensory innervation of the tongue

Innervation of muscles of tongue
Intrinsic: hypoglossal nerve
Extrinsic: mostly hypoglossal (except palatoglossus: vagus)

Lymphatic drainage of tongue
Anterior 2/3: ipsilateral (mostly), Posterior 1/3: bilateral
Tip: submental node then to deep cervical
Mid: Submandibular then deep cervical
(Mid central : bilateral, Mid lateral: ipsilateral)
Sublingual and submandibular openings

Innervation of soft palate muscles
Teeth

Innervation of teeth
Upper: V2
Lower: V3

Where does the posterior ethmoidal sinus drain
superior meatus
Where do the anterior ethmoidal, maxillary and frontal sinuses drain
middle meatus

Where does nasolacrimal duct drain
Lower meatus

Space between the vocal cords aka
Rima glottidis

Where is pharyngeal pouch found
Killia’s triangle: between cricopharyngeus and thyropharyngeus

Which muscle abduct vocal cords
Posterior cricoarytenoid (innervated by inferior branch of recurrent laryngeal)

Which muscles adduct the vocal cords
Lateral cricoarytenoid
Transverse arytenoid

Muscles that tense the vocal cords
cricothyroid

Muscles that relax the vocal cords
Thyroarytenoid
Vocalis

Where are berry’s ligaments found
attaches thyroid to trachea

Which blood vessel is the common culprit for reactionary haemorrhage post-tonsillectomy
External palatine vein

Anatomy of larynx
Vestibular fold above the vocal fold
Piriform fossa
food can get stuck here
Medial: aryepiglottic fold
Lateral: thyroid cartilage, thyrohyoid membrane
Vallecula
Space between tongue and epiglottis
Function of false cords
I.e. vestibular cord
Little role in phonation (apart from purring in cats)
Important at protecting airway (pts with resected epiglottis have same risk of aspiration as ones without
How to diffentiate false and true cords in alive patietns
False look very red as have a large flow through the mucosa
True look white as they are relatively avascular
Branches of superior laryngeal nerve
External laryngeal and internal laryngeal
What does external laryngeal n supply
Motor to cricothyroid and inferior constrictor
What does internal laryngeal nerve supply
Sensation to superior larynx
Intrinsic muscles of tongue
Superior and inferior longitundinal
Transverse
Vertical
Extrinsic muscles of the tongue
Genioglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus
Hyoglossus