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MRCS anatomy > H&N - Neck > Flashcards

H&N - Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior surface marking of C1 to C7

A

C1 Hard palate

C2 Angle of mandible

C3 Hyoid bone

C4 Thyroid notch

C5 Thyroid

C6 Cricoid

C7 Upper tracheal rings

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2
Q

Level of common carotid bibfurcation

A

C3-C4

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3
Q

Level of end of pharynx/larynx start of oesophagus/trachea

A

C5/6

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4
Q

Where do you do a tracheostomy

A

Emergency situation: Cricothyroid membrane

Normally: 2nd tracheal ring

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5
Q

Fascia in neck

A

Investing

Prevertebral

Pretracheal

Carotid sheath

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6
Q

Layers that cut through for a tracheostomy

A

Skin

Subcut fat

Platysma

Investing fascia

Strap musclues (usually pulled away: eg sternohyoid and thyrohyoid)

Pretracheal fascia

Trachea

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7
Q

Fascial spaces

A

Pretracheal

Retropharyngeal

Prevertebral layer

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8
Q

Which vessels form external jugular vein

A

Posterior retromandibular and posterior auricular

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9
Q

Course of external jugular vein

A

Passes down in the superficial fascia, superficial to sternocleidomastoid

Pierces invesiting fascia, superior to clavicle, posterior to sternocleidomastoid

Enters subclavian

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10
Q

Vessels tributing to external jugular vein

A

Posterior external jugular

Transverse cervical

Supra scapular

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11
Q

Anterior jugular vein

A

Form at hyoid level,

Pierces investing fascia

Drains into subclavian

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12
Q

Anterior neck triangles

A

Submental

Submandibular

Carotid

Muscular

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13
Q

Submental triangle boundaries

A

Mandibular symphysis

Anterior belly of digastric

Body of hyoid bone

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14
Q

Content of submental triangle

A

Submental nodes

Tributaries forming anterior jugular vein

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15
Q

Submandibular triangle boundaries

A

Lower border of mandible

Anterior belly of digastric

Posterior belly of digastric

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16
Q

Submandibular triangle content

A

Submandibular gland

Submandibular lymph nodes

Hypoglossal nerve

Mylohyoid nerve

Facial artery and vein

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17
Q

Carotid triangle boundaries

A

Posterior belly of digastric

Superior belly of omohyoid

Anterior border of sternocleidomastoid

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18
Q

Carotid triangle content

A

Common, internal and external carotid arteries

Internal jugular vein, Common facial vein

Cervical branch of facial, CN10,11,12, ansa cervicalis transverse cervical nerve

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19
Q

Muscular triangle boundaries

A

Midline

Sternocleidomastoid

Superior belly of omohyoid

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20
Q

Muscular triangle content

A

Muscles: Sternohyoid, omohyoid, thyrohyoid

Thyroid, Parathyroid

Pharynx

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21
Q

Suprahyoid muscles

A

Stylohyoid

Digastric

Mylohyoid

Geniohyoid

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22
Q

Function of suprahyoid muscles

A

elevate hyoid bone

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23
Q

Innervation of stylohyoid

A

Facial

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24
Q

Innervation of digastric muscle

A

Anterior: mylohyoid (V3)
Posterior: facial nerve

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25
Innervation of mylohyoid
Mylohyoid nerve (V3)
26
Innervation of geniohyoid
C1 ( carried along CN11)
27
Infrahyoid muscles
AKA strap muscles Sternohyoid Omohyoid Thyrohyoid Sternothyroid
28
Attachment of omohyoid muscle
hyoid to scapula Has an intermediate tendon which runs through a sling attached to clavicle
29
Action of infrahyoid muscles
depresses hyoid
30
Strap muscles blood supply
Segmental supply from both superior and inferior thyroid arteries
31
Innervation of infrahyoid muscles
Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
32
Ansa cervicalis roots
C1-C3
33
Which muscles does ansa cervicalis innervate
GHost THought SOmeone Stupid Shot Irene GenioHyoid ThyroidHyoid Superior Omohyoid SternoThyroid SternoHyoid Inferior Omohyoid
34
Ansa cervicalis relations
Superior part crosses internal carotid Inferior part crosses internal jugular
35
Vertebral level of hyoid
C3
36
Vertebral level of thyroid
C4
37
Vertebral level of cricoid
C5
38
Lower border of cricoid landmark significance
Junction of: Larynx and trachea Pharynx and oesophagus Inferior thyroid artery and thyroid gland
39
Thyroid gland relations
Enclosed in pretracheal fascia with trachea and recurrent laryngeal nerve Lateral: carotid sheath Internal carotid, Internal jugular, Vagus Accessory lobe: pyramidal from isthmus
40
Arterial supply to thyroid gland
Superior thyroid artery (external carotid artery) Inferior thyroid artery (thyrocervical trunk artery) 10% of people: Thyroid ima a. (branch of brachiocephalic)
41
Venous drainage of thyroid
Superior and middle thyroid veins (Into IJV) Inferior thyroid vein (into brachiocephalic vein)
42
Path of the recurrent laryngeal nerve
On right: loops around subclavian On left: loops around aortic arch
43
Posterior traingle subdivisions
Occipital triangle Omoclavicular triange
44
Nerves of posterior triangle
Accessory nerve Phrenic nerve Three trunks of the brachial plexus Branches of the cervical plexus: Supraclavicular nerve, transverse cervical nerve, great auricular nerve, lesser occipital nerve
45
Blood vessels of posterior triangle
External jugular vein subclavian artery
46
Cervical plexus
47
Termination of lymphatic trunks
Subclavian vein
48
Lymph nodes of the neck
49
Atlas Axis articulation
Dens inserts anterior to spinal cord
50
Which cranial nerve lies anterior to the carotid sheath
CN12
51
Position of cervical sympathetic chain
between carotid sheath and prevertebral fascia
52
Muscles of the back of neck
Note splenius (from spinous process c7 to t3 to posterior mastoid process)
53
What is Erb's point
Half way along the length of sternocleoidmastoid where cervical plexus emerges through the prevetebral fascia The point used to find accessory nerve: great auricular disappears behind this point and CN11 is found 1cm above it (need to identify in level 5 neck dissection)
54
How many neck dissection levels
7
55
Omohyoid a useful landmark in neck dissection
Between level 3 and 4
56
Unilateral vs bilateral damage to recurrent laryngeal nerve?
Unilateral: Difficulty speaking Bilateral: stridor/difficulty breathing
57
Consequence of damage to the external laryngeal nerve
Loss of low pitch voice
58
Parathyroid gland position
Both usually lie posterior Superior found at level of 1st tracheal ring posterior to thyroid Inferior position less reliable. Sometimes behind inferior pole, sometimes within thyroid gland itself sometimes within the mediastinum
59
Parathyroid gland arterial supply
All 4 glands receive blood from the inferior thyroid arteries Superior glands also receive from superior thyroid arteries
60
Parathyroid venous drainage
Superior middle and inferior thyroid veins.

MRCS anatomy (27 decks)

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