H. 4 Forming

Question 1

Need for affiliation

Answer 1

When you score high on this point, you are quicker in taking part in groups, you communicate more with others, and respect them sooner and spent more time with them. You put more value in what other people think of you → more anxious.

Question 2

Need for intimacy

Answer 2

A higher score reflects that you prefer joining groups, looking for warm and intimate ties, and that you show your anxieties more in front of others.
→ People who score high are not afraid to be rejected, because they are more focused on friendships and on helping each other out.

Question 3

Need for power

Answer 3

People with a higher score have a desire to keep their influence over other or to enlarge it. They want to be the leaders.

Question 4

Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation (FIRO) theory (Schutz)

Answer 4

group information and development that emphasize the following basic motives: inclusion (the need for affiliation), control (need for power), and affection (need for intimacy).

Question 5

4 Attachment styles

Answer 5

1. Secure: confident, counting on others
→ low avoidance, low anxiety
2. Dismissive: desinterest in groups
→ low anxiety, high avoidance
3. Fearful: being so insecure, that you are afraid of rejection
→ high anxiety, high avoidance
4. Preoccupied: becoming a member, but worrying a lot.
→ low avoidance, high anxiety

Question 6

buffering effect

Answer 6

A lot of stress (divorce, disaster, death of a loved one) causes more interaction with friends and family (buffering effect: against the negative consequences of stress, like depression).

1. Immediate threat → fight or flight
2. long-term threat → tend and befriend

Question 7

Proximity principle

Answer 7

the inclination of individuals to forge relationship with other people who they are acquainted with (principle of propinguity)
→ this even comes back in classrooms: familiarity principle (preferring someone you know) and even on the internet (even given the distance).

Question 8

Elaboration principle

Answer 8

A group becomes bigger when the group is linked to local individuals, who thus become a member of the group (percolation).

Question 9

Complementary principle

Answer 9

When qualities of people are complementary (uneven, but fitting well together) it can cause association, instead of inequality.

Question 10

Interchange compatibility

Answer 10

the joining of members based on the same needs for inclusion, control and affection.

Question 11

Originator compatibility

Answer 11

the compatibility between members when the members of a group that express inclusion, control and affection are matched with members who would like to receive those things.

Question 12

Minimax principle

Answer 12

a general preference of relations and memberships that offer the most advantages and the least costs.

Question 13

The decision to join a group:

1. Comparison level (LC)
2. Comparison level for alternatives (LCₐ)

Answer 13

1) Comparison level (CL): the standard that people take as a measurement for the desirableness to join something. This is strongly influenced by preceding relations.
2) Comparison level for alternatives (CLₐ): the standard that individuals use to evaluate other groups that they maybe want to join.