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RCDD > €h 01 - Principles Of Transmission > Flashcards

€h 01 - Principles Of Transmission Flashcards

1
Q

1-1 Metallica media – general

Volts, amp, ohm =

A

V, A, (ohm)

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2
Q

1–2 electrical conductors

Common electrical conductor =

A

Except fiber or silver alloy (does not belong)

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3
Q

1–2 description of conductors

Copper =

(2)

A

* Annealed copper

* 100% conductivity

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4
Q

1–2 description of conductors

Alloy Copper =

A

Adverse conductivity

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5
Q

1–3 solid conductor properties

Aluminum corrosion resistance =

Aluminum oxidation resistance =

A

* Good

* poor

* and vice versa for High-strength alloys

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6
Q

1–4 solid vs stranded conductors

Advantages solid conductors =

A

Better transmission

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7
Q

1–4 solid vs stranded conductors

Advantages stranded conductors =

(2) ^

A

* more flexible

* except better transmission (does not belong)

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8
Q

1–5 AWG intro

AWG =

(2)

A

* American wire gauge

* accepted in North America

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9
Q

1–5 insulation intro

PVC =

PE =

A

* Inside

* OSP

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10
Q

1-5 insulation intro

a dielectric prevents direct contact =

(2)

A

* conductors

* a conductor and its environment

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11
Q

1–6 insulation intro

Teflon trademark =

A

du Pont

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12
Q

1–6 insulation intro

FEP trademark =

A

Daikin

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13
Q

1–6 insulation intro

Halar trademark =

A

Solvay

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14
Q

1–7 insulation electrical characteristics

Dielectric strength =

A

Measures maximum voltage

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15
Q

1–8 balance twisted pair cable

Twisting pairs =

A

Minimize Crosstalk

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16
Q

1–8 balance twisted-pair cable

Capacitance =

A

Electrical field

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17
Q

1–8 balance twisted-pair cable

Mutual inductance =

A

Measure magnetic field

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18
Q

1-8 balance twisted-pair cable

Pair twists =

A

Counterclockwise

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19
Q

1–8 balance twisted-pair cable

Tight twists =

A

Preserves cable shape

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20
Q

1–9 environmental considerations – temperature

Balance twisted-pair cable =

A

Increased attenuation above 68°F

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21
Q

1–9 environmental considerations – temperature

High temperatures in =

(3)

A

* Exterior

* ceilings

* mechanical rooms

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22
Q

1-14 types of shields

Shields =

A

Except fiber related, does not belong

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23
Q

1-14 types of shields

Solid wall metal tubes (conduit) =

A

Best possible shield

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24
Q

1–15 types of cable

Braid shield =

(2)

A

* audio = good

* magnetic field = poor

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25
Q

1–15 types of cable shields

Foil shield =

A

Excellent

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26
Q

1–15 shield effectiveness

Poor =

Excellent =

A

* Less than 20 dB

* more than 60 dB

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27
Q

1–15 shield effectiveness

Permeability =

A

Magnetic substance

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28
Q

1-16 drain wires

Shield not properly grounded =

A

Effectiveness reduced

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29
Q

1-16 drain wire applications

Drain wire =

A

Longitudinally

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30
Q

1-17 analog signal intro

Analog =

(2)

A

* wave

* example - sinusoid

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31
Q

1-18 sinusoidal signal

Human hearing =

A

20 Hz to 20,000 Hz

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32
Q

1-18 sinusoidal signal

Voice circuits =

A

300 to 3400 Hz

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33
Q

1-18 sinusoidal signal

Kilohertz =

A

1000 Hz

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34
Q

1-19 sinusoidal signal

Phase =

A

Time

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35
Q

1-19 sinusoidal signal

One cycle =

A

360 degrees

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36
Q

1-20 sinusoidal signal

Sinusoidal theorem =

A

Joseph Fourier

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37
Q

1-21 decibel (dB)

If you have one watt of power on your input and one watt on your output, what is the total amount lost in dB?

A

1000

500 = 3

250 = 3

125 = 3

  1. 5 = 3
  2. 25 = 3
  3. 625 = 3
  4. 8125 = 3
  5. 90 = 3
  6. 95 = 3
.97 = 3

    **  = 30dB**

          ^
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38
Q

1-22 decibel dB

Doubling power =

A

+3dB

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39
Q

1-22 decibel dB

1/2 power =

A

-3dB

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40
Q

1-22

Phenomenon =

A

Echo

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41
Q

1-23 telephony

Telecom transmission system =

(3)

A

* source energy

* medium to carry

* receiving

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42
Q

1-23 telephony

Same load =

A

Same impedance

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43
Q

1-24 telephony

600 ohm impedance

A

Private line circuits

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44
Q

1-24 telephony

900 ohm impedance

A

Central office circuits

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45
Q

1-24 telephony echo

Speed of light =

A

186,000 mi/s

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46
Q

1-24 telephony echo

Speed of light in cable =

Or EM radiation slows

A

.56c to .74c

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47
Q

1-24 telephony echo

Satellite delay =

A

1/4 (0.25) second

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48
Q

1-25 telephony distortion

D loading =

H loading =

A

* 4495ft

* 6004ft

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49
Q

1-28 IP telephony

VIOP power source =

A

Except bridge, does not belong

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50
Q

1-29 digital signals

Digital signals =

A

Discrete steps

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51
Q

1-29 digital signals

Analog to digital =

A

4th step - companding

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52
Q

1-30 analog-to-digital

Analog sampling theorem =

A

Harry Nyquist

53
Q

1-30 analog-to-digital

Companding =

(2)

A

* A-law - Europe

* Mu-law - United States, Canada, Japan

54
Q

1-30 digital signal

PCM =

(2)

A

* pulse code modulation

* 256 levels

55
Q

1-30 PCM

8000 samples/s x 8 bits / sample =

How many levels?

A

64,000 b/s

56
Q

1-31 PCM

Codecs =

A

Conversion of speech

57
Q

1-31 TDM

TDM =

(3)

A

* Time Division Multiplexing

* combines binary data

* combines multiple data streams

58
Q

1-33 TDM

E1 frame format

(8 b/x channel x 32 channels) x 8000 frame/s =

A

2.048 Mb/s

59
Q

1-34 encoding

Encoding methods =

(2)

A

* AMI = alternate mark inversion; bipolar

* Manchester = +- equal intervals; biphase

60
Q

1-35 digital data to digital signal

Baud (rate) =

A

Modems

61
Q

1-36 digital data to digital signal

Coding method STS-1 =

A

51.8 Mb/s

62
Q

1-36 digital data to digital signal

Coding method STS-3 =

A

155 Mb/s

63
Q

1-36 digital data to digital signals

Coding method:

ISDN (basic) =

ISDN (primary) =

A

* 160 Kb/s

* 1.544 Mb/s

64
Q

1-41 types of transmission circuits

Transmission circuits =

(3)

A

* Simplex = one direction

* Half-duplex = both directions one at a time

* full-duplex = both directions at the same time

65
Q

1-42 asynchronous and synchronous transmissions

Asynchronous =

A

Start and stop

66
Q

1-42 asynchronous and synchronous transmission

Synchronous =

(2)

A

* more efficient

* single master clock

67
Q

1-43 digital hierarchy

Basic ISDN =

A

Residential

68
Q

1-43 digital hierarchy

Primary ISDN North America =

(4)

A

* large business

* 1.544 Mb/s

* 23 B channels

* 1 D channel

69
Q

1-43 digital hierarchy

Primary ISDN Europe =

(4)

A

* large business

*2.048 Mb/s

* 30 B channels

* 1 D channel

70
Q

1-44 HSDL

HSDL =

(2)

A

* high bit-rate digital subsciber line

* DS1 over balananced twisted pair

71
Q

1-44 SDSL

SDSL =

(2)

A

* Symmetircal digital subscriber line

* single pair version of HDSL - DS1 over 1pr balanced twisted pair cable

72
Q

1-49 video transmission

Baseband signaling =

(2)

A

Composite and component

73
Q

1-50 video transmission

Component format RGB =

A

Red, green, blue

74
Q

1-51 broadband video

RF carrier=

A

Represents a TV channel

75
Q

1-51 Balanced twisted pair media implementation

tradititional video transmission =

A

coax and fiber

76
Q

1-51 Balanced twisted pair media implementation

Broaband analog CATV =

A

Category 5e or higher

77
Q

1-53 transmission line concepts

Conductance (G) =

A

Represents leakage

78
Q

1-53 Figure 1.16

A

resistive model

79
Q

1-55 Figure 1.18

A

Inductive Model

80
Q

1-59 transmission line concepts

Crosstalk =

A

Signal interference

81
Q

1-59 transmission line concept

NVP =

(2)

A

* percentage of the speed of light

* .62c

82
Q

1-59 transmission line concept

Balance twisted-pair cables =

A

.56c to .74c

83
Q

1-60 transmission line concept

Delay skew =

(2)

A

* difference in propagation delay

* not to exceed 45ns

84
Q

1-61 signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)

Q= 10mW signal input lead and 10 microwatts of noise 1 dB of loss per 100ft in a 1000ft run. What is rage SNR?

A

20dB

SNR (dB) = 20 log

( Vo / Vn) = 20 log (Vi / Vo)

Vo = received signal voltage level

Vn = noise signal voltage level at the receiver

Vi = transmitted signal voltage level

85
Q

1-61 transmission line concepts

ACR =

(2)

A

* Attenuation to Crosstalk ratio

* minimum NEXT loss - maximum attenuation

86
Q

1-62 Return loss

better impedance matching =

A

lower reflected engery and higher return loss

87
Q

1-62 Return loss

Return loss =

A

derived from reflection coefficient

88
Q

1-62 Return loss

mismatched impedance =

A

signal reflectoins (echoes)

89
Q

1-63 balance twisted-pair performance

Balance twisted pair cables =

A

Impedance of 100 ohms

90
Q

1-72 balance twisted-pair applications

ANSI/TIA/EIA-232-F =

ANSI/TIA/EIA-422-F =

A

* 150ft

* 50ft to 4000ft

91
Q

1-72 balance twisted-pair applications

DS1 rate =

A

2 twisted-pair

92
Q

1-72 balance twisted-pair applications

100BASE – T4 =

A

4 twisted-pair

93
Q

1-72 balanced twisted-pair applications

10GBASE-T =

A

4 twisted-pair

94
Q

1-75 Shared Sheath Applications and Compatibilty

No more than 12 10BASE-T =

A

in the same binder group

95
Q

1-76 balanced twisted pair applications

Baluns =

(3)

A

* impedance matching device

* twisted-pair to coaxial and coaxial to twisted-pair

* UTP to coaxial

96
Q

1-77 Signal Converters

Advantages =

(2)

A

* decrease EMI problems

* extend DTE signal reach

97
Q

1-79 optical fiber intro

Simple model of telecom systems =

(3)

A

* transmitter

* receiver

* medium

98
Q

1-80 optical fiber transmitters

850 nm/1300 nm =

1310 nm/1550 nm =

A

* Multimode (mm)

* singlemode (SM)

99
Q

1-86 optical fiber transmitters

VCSEL =

A

Vertical cavity surface emitting laser

100
Q

1-86 optical fiber transmitters

VSCEL advantages =

(2)

A

* cost-effective mm transmitter for gigabit ethernet and fibre channel

* 10Gigabit and fibre channel

101
Q

1-90 optical fiber medium

Core size selection =

(3)

A

* active equipment

* distance

* bandwidth (data rate)

102
Q

1-91 optical fiber medium

             Type   Bandwidth

OM1 =

OM2 =

OM3 =

A

* 62.5um MM 200 & 500MHz/km

* 50um MM 500 & 500MHz/km

* 50um laser, VSCEL 2000 &500MHz/km

103
Q

1-91 Optical fiber media

OS2 =

A

Low-water peak

104
Q

1-92 balance twisted-pair channel performance

ISO Class C =

ISO Class D =

A

* Cat3, 16MHz

* Cat5e, 100MHz

105
Q

1-98 optical fiber bandwidth

Dispersion =

(3)

A

* bandwidth limitations

* light pulse to broaden

* measured in picoseconds (psec)

106
Q

1-99 optical fiber bandwidth

Chromatic dispersion =

A

Multimode

107
Q

1-102 Optical fiber bandwidth

Classifications of fiber =

A

MM & SM

108
Q

1-102 optical fiber bandwidth

MM 1Gb/s =

A

1804ft

109
Q

1-106 optical fiber bandwidth

Visible light wavelengths =

A

400nm to 700nm

110
Q

1-106 optical fiber bandwidth

wavelength =

A

Windows

111
Q

1-107 optical fiber bandwidth

SM loss value =

(2)

A

* outside cable .5dB

* inside cable 1.0dB

112
Q

1-109 optical fiber application support

12 connectors x 0.75dB =

6 connectors x 0.75dB =

A

* 9.3

* 4.8

113
Q

1-109 optical fiber application support info

Maximum attenuation for

50um mm =

62.5um mm =

Singlemode (OSP) =

A

* 3.5dB & 1.5dB

* 3.5dB & 1.5dB

* 0.5dB & 0.5dB

114
Q

1-116 attenuation

Power penalty for:

LED’s =

Lasers =

A

* 2dB

* 3dB

115
Q

1-116 attenuation

Power penalty for repair margin =

A

Two repair splices

116
Q

1-118 attenuation

Temperature changes =

A

2dB/km

117
Q

1-118 attenuation

Maximum connection loss =

Maximum splice loss =

A

* 0.75dB

* 0.3dB

118
Q

1-118 vattenuation

Splice loss for fusion:

MM & SM =

A

Max 0.3dB

119
Q

1-118 attenuation

Splice loss of mechanical:

MM & SM =

A

Max 0.3dB

120
Q

1-118 attenuation

Fusion =

Mechanical =

A

*permanent, 0.3db

* emergency/temporary, 0.3db

121
Q

1-122 optical fiber SONET & SDH concepts

SONET =

A

Synchronous optical network

122
Q

1-122 optical fiber SONET & SDH concepts

SDH =

A

Synchronous digital hierarchy

123
Q

1-122 optical fiber SONET & SDH concepts

STS-1/OC-1 =

A

* 51.84 MB/s

* 672 voice channel

124
Q

1-122 optical fiber SONET & SDH concepts

STS-3/OC-3 =

A

* 155.52 MB/s

* 2016 voice channels

125
Q

1-122 optical fiber SONET & SDH concepts

STS-12/OC-12 =

A

622.08 Mb/s

8064 voice channels

126
Q

1-123 Figure 1.30

mux =

DSX =

A

* multiplexing

* digital signal cross-connect

127
Q

1-124 optical fiber SONET & SDH concepts

WDM =

(2)

A

* wavelength division multiplexing

* uses lenses

128
Q

1-124 optical fiber SONET & SDH concepts

WDM lenses =

A

Refract and direct light

129
Q

1-129 North American digital signal

DS1 =

DS1C =

DS3 =

A

* 24 channels

* 48 channels

* 672 channels

RCDD (24 decks)

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