Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease Flashcards
What factors affect gut microbiota?
- Disease
- Faecal transplant
- Prebiotics
- Antibiotics
- Probiotics
- Environment
- Diet
- Age
What are many disease caused by?
- Microbes that normally live asymptomatically on the host
- Bacteria colonising a different body site
- General imbalance of microbiota
What are the possible reasons for the decrease in infectious diseases?
- Better disease treatments
- Vaccination
- Health standards
What is the possible reason for the increase in immune diseases?
Westernisation
What is the prevalence of IBS related to?
Western countries not latitude
What does inflammation in IBD likely result from?
A dysregulated host immune response to the gut microbiota
What are the general conclusions which can be made from IBD microbiota studies?
- IBD samples tend to cluster separately when compared to non-IBD controls
- Individuals with IBD have reduced bacterial diversity
- Greatly reduced temporal stability in microbiota composition in IBD patients
What do compositional comparison in IBD microbiota studies often show?
- A reduction in Firmincutes
- Increase in facultative anaerobes such as E.coli
- No recurring and consistent putative aetiological agent discovered
What is meant by the non-uniform manifestation of IBD?
Patients have regions of healthy tissue adjacent to inflamed regions
What features of IBD could affect the microbiota of the gut?
- Antibiotic use
- Inflammation
- Diarrhoea
- Host diet
- Host genotype
What can happen to bacterial diversity as a result of broad spectrum antibiotic use?
Reduced bacterial diversity and increases in enterobacteriaceae can occur
Other than antibiotic use, what can result in reduced bacterial diversity and increases in enterobacteriaceae?
Inflammation
Probiotics
- ADDED LIVE BACTERIA
- Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host
Prebiotic
- FOOD FOR RESIDENT BACTERIA
- A selectively fermented food that result in specific changes in the composition and/or activity of the GI microbiota thus conferring benefits upon host health
Synbiotics
Mixtures of probiotics and prebiotics that beneficially affect the host by improving the survival and implantation of live microbial dietary supplements in the GIT
