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Systems: Alimentary AB > Digestion of Carbohydrates and Proteins > Flashcards

Digestion of Carbohydrates and Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

What are the principle dietary nutrients?

A
  • Carbohydrate
  • Protein
  • Fat
  • Vitamins
  • Minerals
  • Water
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2
Q

What are the 3 monosaccharides?

A
  • Glucose
  • Galactose
  • Fructose
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3
Q

What are hexose sugars?

A

Breakdown products of complex CHOs which are absorbed by small intestine

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4
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

2 monosaccharide linked together by glycosidic bond

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5
Q

How are disaccharides broken down?

A

Broken down to constituent monomers by brush border enzymes in small intestine

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6
Q

What is lactose composed of?

A

Glucose and galactose

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7
Q

What is sucrose composed of?

A

Glucose and fructose

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8
Q

What is maltose composed of?

A

Glucose and glucose

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9
Q

What enzyme breaks down lactose?

A

Lactase

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10
Q

What enzyme breaks down sucrose?

A

Sucrase

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11
Q

What enzyme breaks down maltose?

A

Maltase

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12
Q

Name 3 polysaccharides.

A
  • Starch
  • Cellulose
  • Glycogen
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13
Q

What is starch?

A

Plant storage form of glucose

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14
Q

What is cellulose?

A

Constituent of plant cell walls

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15
Q

What is glycogen?

A

Animal storage form of glucose

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16
Q

What is the structure of a-amylase?

A

Glucose linked in straight chains

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17
Q

What is the structure of amylopectin?

A

Glucose chains highly branched

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18
Q

What is the structure of starch?

A

Glucose monomers linked by a-1,4 glycosidic bonds

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19
Q

What breaks down starch?

A

Amylases

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20
Q

Where are amylases found?

A
  • Saliva

- Pancreas

21
Q

What is the structure of cellulose?

A

Unbranched, linear chaind of glucose monomers linked by B-1,4 glycosidic bonds

22
Q

Why is cellulose known as dietary fibre?

A

There is no enzymatic digestion in vertebrates

23
Q

What is the structure of glycogen?

A

Glucose monomers linked by a-1,4 glycosidic bonds

24
Q

Where are the disaccharide ‘ases’ expressed?

A

Brush border

25
Q

Where is the apical membrane found?

A

Microvilli

26
Q

Where is the basolateral membrane found?

A

Membrane furthest from the lumen

27
Q

How are the cells in the small intestine joined?

A

Tight junctions

28
Q

How can molecules pass form the gut tube into the body?

A
  • Transcellular
  • Paracellular
  • Vectorial transport
29
Q

What is the name of the transporter that transports glucose into the cell?

A

SGLT1

30
Q

What is the name of the transporter that transports glucose out of the cell?

A

GLUT-2

31
Q

Other than glucose what does SGLT1 also recognise?

A

Galactose

32
Q

What is the name of the transporter that transports fructose into the cell?

A

GLUT-5

33
Q

What is the name of the transporter that transports fructose out of the cell?

A

GLUT-2

34
Q

What are proteins?

A

Polymers of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds

35
Q

How do proteins differ?

A

Amino acids used and chain length

36
Q

What do proteins often undergo?

A

Post-translational modification

37
Q

What are small proteins with chains 3-10 amino acids long known as?

A

Peptides

38
Q

What are proteases/peptidases?

A

They are enzymes which hydrolyse peptide bonds and reduce proteins or peptides to amino acids

39
Q

What does endopeptidase do?

A

They act on the internal part of a protein to produce 2 smaller peptides

40
Q

What does exopeptidase do?

A

They act on the terminal amino acid of a protein to remove 1 amino acid at a time

41
Q

Where do aminopeptidases act?

A

At the amine end of a protein

42
Q

Where do carboxypeptidases act?

A

At the carboxylic end of a protein

43
Q

What is the generic amino acid transporter?

A

SAAT1

44
Q

What enters the cell along with amino acids?

A

Sodium

45
Q

What is the name of the transporter that transports dipeptides?

A

PepT1

46
Q

What is transported along side dipeptides?

A

Hydrogen

47
Q

What is the name of the transporter that removes hydrogen from the cell?

A

NHE3

48
Q

What enters the cell using the NHE3 transporter?

A

Sodium

49
Q

What happens to dipeptides once they are in the cell?

A

They can pass through into the blood

Systems: Alimentary AB (37 decks)

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