Gut microbiome

Question 1

environmental factors that influence the balance of the pathogen colonization of the gut include (DAD)

Answer 1

disease, antibiotics and diet

Question 2

two types of sequencing analysis to analyze the microbiome include ___________ and __________

Answer 2

marker gene 16s rRnA
whole metagenomics

Question 3

marker gene 16s rRNA testing is composition analysis which means it answers the question of ________? through the identification of ____________. Benefits include ease and low cost

Answer 3

Who is there?
taxonomic groups

Question 4

Whole metagenomics sequencing is both _____ and ______ analysis. This answers the additional question of __________? However, this is challenging and expensive. They can look into the pathways, census of gut microbial genes, protein secretion, etc.

Answer 4

composition and functional
what are they doing

Question 5

gut microbiota can influence gene expression by local and systematic factors. Systematic influence include the production of _______ which regulate lipogenesis gene expression in liver

Answer 5

short chain fatty acids which are produced through the fermentation of polysaccharides

Question 6

Toxins such as lipopolysaccharides can affect inflammation related genes. There are found in the outer membrane of gram_____ bacteria. An example include LPS producing ________ which the presence is found to increase with high consumption of saturated fats and overall increase inflammation

Answer 6

negative
ecoli

Question 7

prebiootics are the food that bacteria consume while probiotics is ___________ and synbiotics is the fusion of both

Answer 7

the actual consumption of specific bacteria strains that increase the flora

Question 8

__________ is the primary determinants of the population structure of infants microbiome

Answer 8

diet

Question 9

quantity and ______ richness of specific bacteria species have been found in higher populations based on health status: individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes

Answer 9

gene

Question 10

Resveratrol (found in red grapes, blueberries, cranberries and cocoa) is a natural polyphenol wit an ____________ effect. RSV ______ level so flactobacillus and bifidobacterium

Answer 10

anti atherosclerosis effect
increase

Question 11

The reduction of TMAO which is ___________________ was completed by inhibiting microbial __ production via gut microbiome remodeling.

Answer 11

is produced upon digestion of red and processed meats
TMA

Question 12

Specific species of bacteria associated with ________ as resistance to weight loss may be increased

Answer 12

obesity

Question 13

Important questions:
-what role does bacteria species play
-deal ratios?
-interactions with other species and host
-how they affect nutrient metabolism