Gut microbiome Flashcards
environmental factors that influence the balance of the pathogen colonization of the gut include (DAD)
disease, antibiotics and diet
two types of sequencing analysis to analyze the microbiome include ___________ and __________
marker gene 16s rRnA
whole metagenomics
marker gene 16s rRNA testing is composition analysis which means it answers the question of ________? through the identification of ____________. Benefits include ease and low cost
Who is there?
taxonomic groups
Whole metagenomics sequencing is both _____ and ______ analysis. This answers the additional question of __________? However, this is challenging and expensive. They can look into the pathways, census of gut microbial genes, protein secretion, etc.
composition and functional
what are they doing
gut microbiota can influence gene expression by local and systematic factors. Systematic influence include the production of _______ which regulate lipogenesis gene expression in liver
short chain fatty acids which are produced through the fermentation of polysaccharides
Toxins such as lipopolysaccharides can affect inflammation related genes. There are found in the outer membrane of gram_____ bacteria. An example include LPS producing ________ which the presence is found to increase with high consumption of saturated fats and overall increase inflammation
negative
ecoli
prebiootics are the food that bacteria consume while probiotics is ___________ and synbiotics is the fusion of both
the actual consumption of specific bacteria strains that increase the flora
__________ is the primary determinants of the population structure of infants microbiome
diet
quantity and ______ richness of specific bacteria species have been found in higher populations based on health status: individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes
gene
Resveratrol (found in red grapes, blueberries, cranberries and cocoa) is a natural polyphenol wit an ____________ effect. RSV ______ level so flactobacillus and bifidobacterium
anti atherosclerosis effect
increase
The reduction of TMAO which is ___________________ was completed by inhibiting microbial __ production via gut microbiome remodeling.
is produced upon digestion of red and processed meats
TMA
Specific species of bacteria associated with ________ as resistance to weight loss may be increased
obesity
Important questions:
-what role does bacteria species play
-deal ratios?
-interactions with other species and host
-how they affect nutrient metabolism