Gustatory & Olfactory Systems - Martin

Question 1

What are taste cells and what do they mature from?

Answer 1

Polarized epithelial cells that arise from basal cells

Question 2

What do G-protein coupled receptors let you taste?

Answer 2

Sweet, umami and bitter

Question 3

What do transient receptor potential channels let you taste?

Answer 3

Saltiness and sour

Question 4

Type 1 glial like cells

Answer 4

Do not have action potentials or afferent nerve connections

Question 5

Type 2 receptor cells

Answer 5

Act by secreting ATP that may bind and excited Type 3 and may bind afferent nerves (bitter, sweet, umami)

Question 6

Type 3 presynpatic cell

Answer 6

Form synapses on afferent nerve fibers

Question 7

What is the pathway for processing taste?

Answer 7

Taste buds → solitary nucleus of brainstem → VPM of thalamus → insula and frontal cortex

Question 8

Dysgueusia and ageusia

Answer 8

Distortion of and loss of taste

Question 9

Leptin

Answer 9

Acts on taste receptors to reduce sweet response

Question 10

GLP-1

Answer 10

Stimulated sweet receptors → increase insulin release

Question 11

Where do olfactory receptor cells terminate?

Answer 11

Glomeruli in the olfactory bulb

Question 12

On what chromosome are the majority of olfactory receptor proteins found?

Answer 12

11

Question 13

What does activation of the pyriform cortex do?

Answer 13

Leads to rapid habituation

Question 14

What does activation of the oribtofrontal cortex do?

Answer 14

Gradual habituation

Question 15

What does the sub ventricular zone generate?

Answer 15

New olfactory neurons