Biological Rhythms & Sleep - Martin

Question 1

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

Answer 1

• Possibly caused by out of sun circadian rhythms
• Sxs: hopelessness, increased appetite, increased sleep, social withdrawal
• Tx: light therapy

Question 2

What is the master circadian pacemaker?

Answer 2

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 3

Zeitgeber

Answer 3

• Environmental stimulus entraining (mainly light)

- Rhythms become free running when no zeitgeber present

Question 4

What activators and target genes are involved in the auto regulatory transcriptional feedback loop of the circadian clock?

Answer 4

Activators: CLOCK & BMAL1
Genes: Per1, Per2, Cry1, Cry2

Question 5

What things are people who work night shifts more at risk for?

Answer 5

Obesity, heart disease, breast cancer, colon cancer

Question 6

Dec2

Answer 6

• A negative component of circadian clock

- Mutation in this gene produces reduced sleep time

Question 7

Alpha waves

Answer 7

Initial sleep stage; 8-13 cycles/second

Question 8

Beta waves

Answer 8

2nd sleep stage; > 13 cycles/second

Question 9

Theta waves

Answer 9

3rd sleep stage; 4-7 cycles/second

Question 10

Delta waves

Answer 10

4th stage of sleep; < 4 cycles/second

Question 11

Tueromamillary nucleus (TMN)

Answer 11

Responsible for producing awake state

Question 12

What do histamine containing cells in the TMN promote?

Answer 12

Wakefullness

Question 13

Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus

Answer 13

Supresses the TMN and leads to slow wave sleep