Guidance

Question 1

characteristics of visual guidance

Answer 1

• The learner watches a model to form a mental image
• Involves a demonstration and also pictures, charts, videos, boxes or guidance lines
• E.g. demonstration of a pass in rugby

Question 2

advantages of visual guidance

Answer 2

• Increases understanding if movement required
• Corrects errors
• Good at the cognitive stage

Question 3

disadvantages of visual guidance

Answer 3

• Not effective if the demonstration is poor
• Demonstration loses impact if is too complex or static
• No feedback so less effective at the autonomous stage

Question 4

characteristics of verbal guidance

Answer 4

• The learner is told what to do
• Spoken instruction
• Good for feedback
• E.g. telling the player which tactics to use

Question 5

advantages of verbal guidance

Answer 5

• Builds on knowledge gained by visual guidance
• Helps to develop understanding of detail, good motivation
• Good at the autonomous stage

Question 6

disadvantages of verbal guidance

Answer 6

• Not effective if too much negative feedback is given
• Incorrect or unclear information could be given and confuse players
• Can be confusing at the cognitive/associative stage

Question 7

characteristics of manual guidance

Answer 7

• The learner is given physical support by the teacher
• Moving joints or limbs through the movement
• Manipulating the learner’s body to try to develop kinesthesis
• E.g. physical support during a forehand shot in tennis

Question 8

advantages of manual guidance

Answer 8

• Gives confidence/is good for a dangerous skill
• Allows for kinesthesis to develop
• Effective at the cognitive stage of learning

Question 9

disadvantages of manual guidance

Answer 9

• Learners cannot correct errors themselves
• Close proximity could be uncomfortable for learners
• Can limit proprioception

Question 10

characteristics of mechanical guidance

Answer 10

• The learner uses equipment or apparatus to help performance
• Supporting the body through the movement using apparatus to develop confidence
  E.g. using a harness in trampolining

Question 11

advantages of mechanical guidance

Answer 11

• May motivate young people to pursue the sport
• Corrects errors/perfects technique
• Helps to develop more complex skills at the associative/autonomous stage

Question 12

disadvantages of mechanical guidance

Answer 12

• May develop false confidence which could put learner at risk
• Ineffective if used for too long - reliance
• Learner must trust the apparatus