GU- Hydrocele

Question 1

occurs when what remains open

Answer 1

vaginalis channel that allows testicle to move from ABD to scrotum during development- painless

Question 2

Differenct between hernia and hydrocele is

Answer 2

size of patent processus vaginalis and its contents

Question 3

Narrow channel allows only ___ to pass creating hydrocele

Answer 3

fluid

Question 4

inguinal hernia is ____ wider and allows what to pass?

Answer 4

Much wider, allows fluid and intestinal contents to pass

Question 5

_____ % of of infants are born with patent processus vaginalis

Answer 5

80

Question 6

By the end of the first month percentage decreases to ___

Answer 6

60%

Question 7

By 18 - 24 months ____ % remain

Answer 7

20-30%

Question 8

Rare is which sex?

Ratio male to female?

Answer 8

Rare in females

6 males to 1 female

Question 9

Female clinical manefestations

Answer 9

rare,

soft bulge in labia or inguinal canal

bulge can represent hernia or ovary

Question 10

Intersex conditions evaluate in females

Answer 10

especially testicular feminization

Question 11

Male clinical presentation

Answer 11

swelling of one or both sides of the scrotum

can vary in size

continuous or intermittant

Question 12

What hue to scrotum?

Answer 12

bluish

Question 13

may be __ in morning and increase throughout the day?

Answer 13

small

Question 14

history is important because

Answer 14

it may not be present depending on time of day of the exam

Question 15

physical findings

Answer 15

enlarged scrotum TRANSILLUMINATES with penlight to pink or red with flashlight

Question 16

Palpate first, if cannot be palpated then

Answer 16

transilluminate

Question 17

If you cannot see or feel testicle then

Answer 17

ultrasound is needed to differenciate

Question 18

communicating

Answer 18

almost all - fliud in sac comes and goes, may be flat in am, swollen in pm

patent processus vaginalis

or noncommunicating (rare)

Question 19

non communicating hydroceles

Answer 19

do not fluctuate in size

scrotal sac tense

slightly blue tinged

fluctuant and does not reduce

no swelling in inguinal region

Question 20

Is the condition painful?

Answer 20

rarely, if painful may be associated with hernia

Question 21

Diagnostic test for any testicular concern

Answer 21

Ultrasound

Question 22

Treatment : Watch until ____ months

Answer 22

18-24 months

Question 23

Spontaneous resolution is uncommon after age?

Answer 23

18-24 months

requires surgical repair if not resorbed by 24 months

Question 24

Early surgical intervention is considered when

Answer 24

large or associated with hernia or secondary risk of incarceration

Any abmornality found on ultrasound

Question 25

when should we follow up

Answer 25

children younger than 18 months, every 6 months

Question 26

if no change intervention is recommended at age

Answer 26

18-24 months

Question 27

when should we follow up for hydrocelectomy?

Answer 27

4 weeks post op to eval incision and scrotum, if normal then return to routine annual exams

Question 28

compliactions are

Answer 28

rare

Question 29

complications include

Answer 29

incarcerated hernias with wide processus vaginalis

Question 30

post-op complications include

Answer 30

recurrent hydrocele testicular atrophy lysis of vans deferens

Question 31

education

Answer 31

stress to parents importance of regular exams during observation period importance of self test exams (not typically associated with cancer) report any scrotal pain immediately

Question 32

Presentation in females?

Answer 32

bulge in labia or inguinal canal

Question 33

if hydrocele persists beyond one year what is presumed?

Answer 33

to be in conjunction with a hernia

Question 34

cause in older children?

Answer 34

trauma, inflammatory illeness, neoplasm