GU

Question 1

A 60 year old male presents to the clinic complaining of low back pain, painful urination, increased frequency, and also states that it hurts with sex and especially during ejaculation. Which of the following therapies represents the best choice for this patient?

Answer 1

acute bacterial prostatitis is generally caused by gram-negative rods (E. coli, Pseudomonas). Fluoroquinolones are the drug of choice, especially in elderly patients, when the patient presents with signs and symptoms of prostatitis.

Question 2

medical management of benign prostate hypertrophy

Answer 2

α-blocker (terazosin)

- 5α-reductase inhibitor (finasteride)

Question 3

what lab and US findings shows chronic kidney disease compared to acute

Answer 3

hemoglobin low (8) and small kidneys

Question 4

surgical management of benign prostate hypertrophy

Answer 4

transurethral resection (TURP)

Question 5

how do the GFR and creatinine values change depending on early and advanced renal disease?

Answer 5

Early renal disease: large change in GFR but little change in creatinine
- Advanced renal disease: large change in creatinine but little change in GFR

Question 6

what are normal GFR values

Answer 6

below 60 is

Question 7

what are normal creatinine values

Answer 7

1 is normal, bigger number function gets worse

Question 8

small changes of creatinine within the normal range (1.2 to 1.6) shows what

Answer 8

big damage is being done, much bigger deal than 6 to 7 jump

Question 9

BUN:Cr ratio – high is what type of acute kidney injury

Answer 9

prerenal failure

Question 10

pre renal failure -tx

Answer 10

treat shock, volume replace or septic give antibiotics

Question 11

Glomerulonephritis shows what on Urine analysis

Answer 11

Urinalysis: RBC casts

Question 12

treatment of Glomerulonephritis

Answer 12

Treatment: steroids, immune suppressants

Question 13

two intrinsic renal dz

Answer 13

Glomerulonephritis (filter is plugs by immune complexes)

Question 14

symptoms of Glomerulonephritis (filters is clogged)

Answer 14

HTN, Edema and little urine

Question 15

Acute tubular necrosis (ATN)

Answer 15

when kidney gets poisoned and doesn’t get oxygen. the cells start to die. most of these patients started with acute pre-renal failure and now have crossed over and cells are damaged.

Question 16

patient has strep throat and then gets puffy eyes, coke cola urine, what is the dx

Answer 16

Glomerulonephritis

Question 17

what is the leading cause of renal AKI

Answer 17

Acute tubular necrosis (ATN)

Question 18

what are the two type of Acute tubular necrosis (ATN)

Answer 18

ischemic (90%) and toxic

Question 19

numbers that show the transition from _____ to ______
High urine Na+
BUN:Cr ratio – low

Answer 19

from pre renal to are ishemic acute tubular necrosis

Question 20

non-oliguric, contrast agents, toxic alcohols,

aminoglycosides, myoglobin

Answer 20

are all causes of acute kidney injury

Question 21

Diabetes insipidus is a side effect of what medication?

Answer 21

lithium

Question 22

Axis III is reserved for

Answer 22

medical conditions

Question 23

why must you ask about last dose of metformin before deciding on dx imaging?

Answer 23

Given this patient’s history, determining when the last dose of metformin was taken is critical prior to performing any studies using contrast dye. Contrast dye decreases the kidney’s ability to excrete metformin, and therefore increases the risk of lactic acidosis, a side effect seen with metformin therapy.

Question 24

Which of the following pharmacologic agents used in the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy affects the levels of prostate specific antigen?

Answer 24

Finasteride

5-alpha reductase inhibitors can have an affect in reducing the PSA levels.

Question 25

Asymptomatic microhematuria is best evaluated using….

Answer 25

CT Urography

Question 26

Which of the following causes a non-anion gap metabolic acidosis?

Answer 26

diarrhea

Question 27

This is a type II 5-alpha reductase inhibitor which inhibits DHT and thus growth of the prostate and is indicated in this type of patient. It does not affect blood pressure.

Answer 27

Finasteride

Question 28

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is only used for stones bigger than _____ mm

Answer 28

10mm

Question 29

crushing injury, CK is 5x greater than normal, cola color urine, dip is positive for blood, what is the dx?

Answer 29

Rhabdomyolysis

Question 30

top causes of chronic kidney dz

Answer 30

glomerulonephritis, DM, HTN