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GK PANCE > Congenital Heart Diseases > Flashcards

Congenital Heart Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

caused by ostium secundum

A

ASD

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2
Q

most patients asymptomatic or minimal in childhood until >30y/o

A

ASD

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3
Q

systolic ejection crescendo-decrescendo flow murmur @ pulmonic area (LUSB)

A

ASD

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4
Q

widely split fixed S2 *does not vary with respirations*

A

ASD

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5
Q

CXR in ASD

A

cardiomegaly

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6
Q

crochetage sign (notching of peak of R wave in inferior leads)

A

ASD

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7
Q

Gold standard dx for ASD

A

echo

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8
Q

Mgmt of ASD

A

spontaneous closure likely in 1st yr, observe

surigcal correction if symptomatic

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9
Q

communication between descending thoracic aorta and pulmonary artery

A

PDA

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10
Q

What promotes PDA patency

A

continued prostaglandin E2 production

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11
Q

Eisenmenger’s syndrome associated with which heart defects

A

everything BUT ASD

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12
Q

eisenmengers syndrome

A

pulm HTN –> left to right shunt switches and becomes R to L (cyanotic)

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13
Q

continuous machinery murmur

A

PDA

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14
Q

where is the pulmonic murmur loudest at?

A

LUSB

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15
Q

normal hands with cyanotic lower extremities

A

eisenmengers syndrome

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16
Q

1st line Tx for PDA

A

IV indomethacin

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17
Q

congenital narrowing of descending thoracic aorta

A

coarctation of aorta

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18
Q

bicuspid aortic valve associated with

A

coarctation of aorta

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19
Q

MC presentation of coarctation of aorta

A

2ry HTN, bilateral claudication

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20
Q

systolic murmur that radiates to back/scapula/chest

A

coractation of aorta

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21
Q

Increased upper BP > lower extremities

A

coarctation of aorta

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22
Q

delated/weak femoral pulses

A

coarctation of aorta

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23
Q

CXR of coarctation of aorta

A

rib notching

“3 sign”

24
Q

Gold standard Dx for coarctation of aorta

A

angiogram

25
Q

Mgmt of coarctation of aorta

A

surgery

26
Q

only cyanotic congenital Heart disease

A

tet of fallot

27
Q

4 pathophysiologies of tet of fallot

A
  1. RV outflow obstruction
  2. RV hypertrophy
  3. VSD
  4. overriding aorta
28
Q

Blue Baby Syndrome (cyanosis)

A

TOF

29
Q

what are tet spells

A

paroxysms of cyanosis: older children relieve spells by squatting

30
Q

harsh holosystolic murmur @ LUSB

A

TOF

31
Q

right ventricular heave

A

TOF

32
Q

boot shaped heart

RVH

A

TOF

33
Q

gold standard for TOF

A

echo

34
Q

mgmt for TOF

A

surgical repair

35
Q

MC congenital heart disease

A

VSD

36
Q

MC type of VSD

A

perimembranous

37
Q

loud, high pitched holosystolic murmur at the LLSB

A

VSD (same as TOF)

38
Q

gold standard dx for VSD

A

echo

39
Q

What will ECG show for VSD?

A

LVH

40
Q

what type of VSD is associated with good prognosis

A

restrictive VSD: normal pressure between ventricles maintained

41
Q

wide pulse pressure: bounding peripheral pulses Loud S2

A

PDA

42
Q

Ebstein’s anomaly associated with what?

A

maternal lithium use during pregnancy

43
Q

this congenital heart defect is associated with wolf parkinson white syndrome

A

ebstein’s anomaly

44
Q

supplemental oxygen fails to increase arterial oxygen levels.

A

proof of R to L shunt

45
Q

his occurs when increased pulmonary blood flow from a left-to-right shunt leads to pulmonary hypertension and compensatory right ventricular hypertrophy, and, over time, right ventricular pressures surpass left ventricular pressures, resulting in a change in direction of the shunt.

A

Eisenmenger’s syndrome

46
Q

which congenital heart defect has an association with maternal rubella

A

PDA

47
Q

which heart defect is associated with turner syndrome and intracranial aneurysms

A

coarctation of aorta

48
Q

cyanotic within hours of birth

A

Transposition of the Great Arteries

49
Q

diabetic mother

A

TOGA

50
Q

CXR shows eggs on a string

A

TOGA

51
Q

Tx for TOGA

A

PGE1 analog, surgery

52
Q

boot shaped heart

A

TOF

53
Q

MC presenting symptom of ALL congenital heart defects

A

CHF

54
Q

Closure of the ductus arteriosus begins when levels of which of the following substances increases in the immediate post-natal period?

A

Bradykinin

55
Q

Known adverse effect of PGE 1

A

apnea

56
Q
A

GK PANCE (26 decks)

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