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GI Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 meds commonly cause esophagitis

A

NSAIDs

Bisphophonates

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2
Q

Pt w/ asthma and GERD not responsive to antacids

A barium swallow will show a ribbed esophagus and multiple corrugated rings

A

eosinophilic esophagitis

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3
Q

shallow punched out lesions on EGD

tx?

A

HSV esophagitis

tx w/ acyclovir

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4
Q

large solitary ulcers or erosions on EGD

tx?

A

CMV esophagitis

tx w/ ganciclovir

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5
Q

tx for corrosive esophagitis

A

steroids

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6
Q

tx for esophageal spasm (corkscrew esophagus on barium)

A

Nitro

CCB

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7
Q

Virchow’s node (lyphadenopathy at the left supraclavicular region

A

gastric cancer

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8
Q

Signs of what

Virchow’s node (left Supraclavicular)

Sister Mary Joseph’s node (Umbilical)

A

gastric cancer

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9
Q

Endoscopic finding: Linitis plastica

Finding of wht?

A

gastric cancer

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10
Q

What things in your diet increase risk of gastric cancer

Where is it MC

A

smoked meats, high nitrates, low fruits and vegetables, alcohol, tobacco

Very common in Japan

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11
Q

What are the sxs of gastric cancer

“WEAPON”

A

Weight loss
Emesis
Anorexia
Pain/epigastric discomfort
Obstruction
Nausea

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12
Q

what is diagnostic for Zollinger Ellison syndrome

A

gastrin levels (> 150 pg/mL is suggestive - > 200 pg/mL is diagnostic)

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13
Q

50% of patients with PUD + diarrhea have what

A

zollinger ellison syndroms

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14
Q

what bacteria most commonly causes cholangitis

A

E. coli

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15
Q

what is Charcot’s triad

Reynaulds pentad?

A

CHARCOTS= F + Jaundice + RUQ pain

Reynaulds= above + hypotension + AMS

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16
Q

what antibiotic is a major cause of biliary sludge

A

ceftriaxone

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17
Q

what is the most concerning hepatitis for babies

A

Hep E + mother –> high infant mortality

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18
Q

Travel from asia is indicative of what hepatitis

A

hep A

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19
Q

what is elevated in HCC

A

Alpha fetoprotein

(if elevated then get MRI)

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20
Q

fever + abdominal pain in patient with cirrhosis= ?

A

spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

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21
Q

Budd Chiari (hepatic vein thrombosis) is triad of what?

A

abdominal pain

ascites

hepatomegaly

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22
Q

MCC acute pancreatitis

(“GET SMASHED”)

A

Gallstones

Ethanol

Trauma

Steroids

Mumps

Autoimmune disease

Scorpion sting

Hypercalcemia

Hyperlipidemia

ERCP

Drugs

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23
Q

what test is most sensitive for chronic pancreatitis

A

ERCP

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24
Q

tumor marker for pancreatic cancer

A

CA 19-9

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25
what is Courvoisier's sign.
Nontender, palpable gallbladder may indicate pancreatic neoplasm.
26
MC pancreatic cancer
ductal adenocarcinoma- usu. @ head of the pancreas
27
what node is seen in pancreatic cancer
Virchow's node (left supraclavicular)
28
what 2 blood tests can be useful in testing for celiac dz
IgA endomysial antibody IgA tTG antibody
29
the malabsorption syndrome in celiac disease is due to what
sensitivity to Gliadin (a fraction of GLUTEN)
30
what is seen on histology on a biopsy from someone with celiacs dz
**_villous atrophy_** hypertrophy of intestinal crypts incr. lymphocytes in lamina propria
31
What 2 bacteria are MCly implicated in diverticulosis
E. coli Bacteroides fragilis
32
currant jelly stool
intussusception
33
abd. x-ray showing: “Crescent sign” or a “Bull's eye/target sign/coiled spring lesion” ultasound showing: "target sign"
intussusception
34
What holistic remedy can help in IBS (hint: oil)
peppermint oil
35
What are the ALARM symptoms for GI
Weight loss Iron deficiency anemia FHx of certain organic GI illnesses (eg, inflammatory bowel disease, celiac sprue, colorectal cancer) rectal bleeding nocturnal symptoms
36
what will be seen on abdominal x-ray in ischemic bowel
**_“thumb-printing”_** of small bowel or right colon due to submucosal bleeding
37
what is gold standard for dx of ischemic bowel
Mesenteric angiography
38
tx for ischemic bowel
revascularization
39
What is the hydrogen breath test vs the urea breath test for?
hydrogen breath test= lactose intolerance Urea breath test= H. pylori
40
Colonic Polyps: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ adenomas have a 30-70% risk of malignant transformation
villous adenomas
41
* 1st degree relatives of patients with Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) should undergo genetic screening after what age
10 y/o
42
The family of patients with Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) should undergo **yearly sigmoidoscopy** beginning at what age
12y/o
43
if an adenometous colonic polyp is removed during colonoscopy, when should colonoscopy be repeated
3-5yrs
44
colonic polyps: what 3 things increases risk of malignant transformation
1. villous adenoma 2. Large polyp (the larger, the higher the risk) 3. The higher the number of polyps
45
which 2 meds may help prevent formation of new polyps in patients with polyps or colon cancer
Aspirin COX-2 inhibitors
46
Toxic megacolon is commonly a complication of what disease
**_ulcerative colitis_** | (less commonly Chrons)
47
tx for toxic megacolon
decompression of the colon +/- colectomy
48
what is the most common site of an anal fissure
**_Posterior midline_** (comparatively low blood flow)
49
What is a sentinel pile
Thickened mucosa/skin at the distal end of an anal fissure that is often confused with a small hemorrhoid
50
tx for anal fissures
Fluid, fiber, sitz baths Nitro ointment, topical CCB, or botox if resistent: Lateral anal sphincterotomy
51
tx for rectal abscess
**_surgical drainage_** + warm-water cleansing, analgesics, stool softeners and a high-fiber diet
52
What disease process should you be worried about in an elderly person with recurrent fecal impaction?
colon cancer
53
At what age should you refer to surgery if an umbilical hernia persists that was present at birth
\>2y/o
54
Location of direct inguinal hernia
Passage of intestine through the **_external inguinal ring_** at **Hesselbach triangle** **RARELY** enters the scrotum
55
child w/ a musty, mousy odor
PKU
56
How is PKU inherited
autosomal recessive disorder (absent phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) enzyme activity) Affects CNS---\> mental retardation
57
tx for PKU?
**_lifelong dietary phenylalanine restriction_** (low protein) Foods high in phenylalanine: * milk * cheese * nuts * fish * chicken * meats * eggs * legumes * aspartame (in diet soda)
58
What can act as a poison for patients with PKU
the sweetener aspartame
59
blond, blue-eyed, with fair skin, mental retardation, eczema, and a **musty, mousy body odor**
PKU
60
How often should the phenylalanine levels of infants undergoing treatment for phenylketonuria be monitored?
weekly

GK PANCE (26 decks)

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