GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT Flashcards
Factors affecting Growth & Development
Genetic Potential
Sex
Fetal hormones
Growth factors
Placental factors
Maternal Factors
Chromosomes
Nutrition
What are the 3 fetal Hormones?
Thyroxine
Insulin
Glucocorticoids
List types of Growth factors
Insulin like growth factors (IGF1, IGF2)
Epidermal Growth factor (EGF)
Transforming Growth factors (TGF alpha, TGF beta)
Platelet Derived growth factor (PDGF)
What Maternal Factors affect Growth & Development?
Age>35
Number of Pregnancies>5
Anemia
Hypertension
Nutrition
Infections
What are the 4 periods of Growth
Prenatal
Perinatal
Postnatal
Adolescence
3 Stages of Prenatal development
Gestation period 0-2wks
Embryonic period 2-8wks
Fetal period 8wks-day0
How long is the Perinatal Period of Growth
20wks gestation to day 7 after birth
5 Stages of Postnatal period
Neonate day 0-28dys
Infant 28dys-1yrs
Toddler 1-3yrs
Preschooler 3-6yrs
Schooler 6-12yrs
Stages of Neonate period of Growth
Early Neonate 0-7dys
Late Neonate 7-28dys
3 Stages of Adolescence
Early 10-13yrs
Middle 14-16yrs
Late 17-20yrs
3 Important tissues during Growth & Development
Brain
Lymphoidal
Gonadal
When does the maximum development of brain occur?
Gestation Up to 2yrs
When does the maximum development of Lymphoidal tissue occur?
4-8yrs
When does the maximum development of Gonadal tissue occur?
After 8yrs
Types of Term Infants
Early term 37-38wks
Full term 39-40wks
Late term 41-42wks
What are the main causes of low birth weight
Intrauterine Growth Retardation
Early term baby
Categories of low birth weight
Low <2500g
Very low 1000-1500g
Extremely low <1000g
What is the normal birth weight
2.9-3.9kg
What is the growth rate of a baby from 10dys-3mnths?
30g/day
What is the growth rate of a baby from 3-6mnths?
20g/day
What is the growth rate of a baby from 6-9mnths
15g/day
What is the growth rate of a baby from 9-12mnths
12g/day
What is the formula for calculating a baby’s weight from 3-12mnths?
{Age(months)+9}÷2
What is the formula for calculating a baby’s weight from 1-6yrs?
{Age(yrs)×2}+8
What is the formula for calculating a child’s weight from 7-12yrs?
{(Age(yrs)×7)-5}÷2
List the Growth Assessment Parameters
Weight
Stature
Circumference
Upper segment - lower segment ratio
Teeth eruption
Body mass index
What does Stature consist of
Length<2yrs
Height>2yrs
Formula for calculating height after 4yrs
Ht = {Age(yrs)×6}+77
What is used to measure length
INFANTOMETER
What is used to measure height
STADIOMETER
What are categories for circumference
Head circumference
Chest circumference
Midarm circumference
Armsband
What is used to measure midarm circumference
SHAKR’S TAPE
