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Pharmaceutical Botany with Taxonomy > Growth and Division of Cells > Flashcards

Growth and Division of Cells Flashcards

1
Q

an orderly series of events where cells divide

A

Cell Cycle

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2
Q

Cell Cycle 2 DIVISIONS

A

1) Interphase
2) Mitosis

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3
Q

Process of division that produces two daughter cells with identical chromosomal content of parent cell.

A

Mitosis

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4
Q
  • A period in which chromosomes are NOT visible with light microscope
  • Living cells are NOT dividing
A

Interphase

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5
Q

3 INTERVALS of INTERPHASE

A

1) G1 –(growth or gap one)
2) S- synthesis
3) G2- (growth or gap two)

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6
Q

lengthy period after the nucleus divides; RNA are ribosomes are produced & cell increase in size

A

G1 –(growth or gap one)

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7
Q

DNA replication takes place

A

S- synthesis

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8
Q

mitochondria & other organelles divide; microtubules are produced; coiling & condensation of chromosomes begin

A

G2- (growth or gap two)

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9
Q

Where one cell divides into two daughter cells

A

Mitosis

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10
Q

Mitosis’ location is found in roots and stem tips called?

A

MERISTEM

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11
Q

normally comes with mitosis; division of the remainder of the cell

A

CYTOKINESIS

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12
Q

The daughter cells have the _____ number of chromosomes
as the parent cell

A

EXACT

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13
Q

The first and longest stage of mitosis.

A

Prophase

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14
Q

Main feature:
1) 2 chromosomes become shorter & Thicker; 2 strands are apparent (CHROMATIDS)
2) Nuclear envelop dissociates; nucleolus DISINTEGRATES

A

Prophase

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15
Q

band formed from microtubules & microfilaments inside the plasma membrane

A

PRE-PROPHASE

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16
Q

hold each pair of chromatids together (short, thick & rod like)

A

CENTROMERES

17
Q

a dense region composed of protein complex found on the outer surface of each centromere

A

KINETOCHORE

18
Q

help distinguish certain chromosomes
from others in a nucleus; knob like appearance

A

SATELLITE

19
Q

develop extend in arcs between 2 invisible poles located towards the end of the cell

A

SPINDLE FIBERS

20
Q

(keg shaped structure) found on fungi and algae and animal cells located outside the nucleus with radiating ASTERS (star like rays)

A

CENTRIOLES

21
Q

MAIN FEATURE: Alignment of the chromosomes in the circle midway between the 2 poles around the spindle and in the same plane as the PREPROPHASE BAND

A

Metaphase

22
Q

in metaphase, __________ become aligned; centromeres are in the center of the cell

A

Chromosomes

23
Q

an invisible circular plate (similar to earths equator)

A

EQUATOR

24
Q
  • Shortest phase
  • Sister chromatids of each chromosome separate & move to opposite poles which are now the DAUGHTER CHROMOSOMES
  • movement may be due to Shortening of spindle fibers
A

Anaphase

25
Q

5 MAIN FEATURES:
- Each group of daughter chromosomes are surrounded by a reformed nuclear envelop
- Daughter chromosomes become longer & thinner
- Nucleoli reappear
- Spindle 2fibers disintegrate
- Cell plates are formed

A

Telophase

26
Q
  • The division of the cytoplasm to form two new cells, overlaps with the final stages of mitosis
  • cell plate forms down the middle of the cell, splitting it into two daughter cells separated by a new wall
A

Cytokinesis

27
Q

the form of cell division in which a cell divides into four “daughter cells” each of which has half of the number of chromosomes of the original cell

A

Meiosis

28
Q

In MEIOSIS, the cells return to having the normal number of chromosomes after fertilization of the ova by the sperm, and it is called?

A

diploid

29
Q

occurs prior to the formation of sperm (in males) and ova (in females)

A

Meiosis

30
Q

STAGES OF MEIOSIS

A
  1. Prophase I
  2. Metaphase I
  3. Anaphase I
  4. Telophase I and Cytokinesis
    5.Prophase II
    6.Metaphase II
    7.Anaphase II
    8.Telophase II and Cytokinesis
31
Q

the chromosomes condense, and the
nuclear envelope breaks down; crossing- over
occurs

A

Prophase I

32
Q

pairs of homologous chromosomes
move to the equator of the cell

A

Metaphase I

33
Q

homologous chromosomes move to
opposite poles of the cell

A

Anaphase I

34
Q
  • Chromosomes gather at the poles of the cells.
  • The cytoplasm divides
A

Telophase I and Cytokinesis

35
Q

A new spindle forms around the
chromosomes.

A

Prophase II

36
Q

chromosomes line up at the equator

A

Metaphase II

37
Q
  • centromeres divides
  • chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell
A

Anaphase II

38
Q
  • A nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes.
  • The cytoplasm divides.
A

Telophase II and Cytokinesis

Pharmaceutical Botany with Taxonomy (14 decks)

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