Concepts in Pharmaceutical Botany

Question 1

study of plants in relation to pharmacy practice

Answer 1

PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY

Question 2

“the interdisciplinary scientific exploration of the biologically active agents that are traditionally employed”

Answer 2

Ethnopharmacology

Question 3

____, _____, and _____ are among the natural
products that have been the basis in the treatment of
many diseases for centuries

Answer 3

Plants, animals and minerals

Question 4

The majority of the natural sources whose active
compounds are currently employed actually has an _________ ___

Answer 4

ethnomedical use

Question 5

HOW DO WE LOOK
FOR LIFE?

Answer 5

• Metabolism
• Nonrandom organization must be present
• Growth must occur
• reproduction must exist

Question 6

Plant metabolism is based on the
principles of _____ and _____.

Answer 6

chemistry and physics

Question 7

Plants must have a means of?

Answer 7

storing and using information

Question 8

_______ _____, passing their
genes and information on to their
descendants.

Answer 8

Plants reproduce

Question 9

_______, and the information they contain, change.

Answer 9

Genes

Question 10

Plants must ______ in their own environment.

Answer 10

survive

Question 11

Plants are highly _______ ________.

Answer 11

integrated organisms

Question 12

An individual plant is the temporary result of the?

Answer 12

interaction of genes and environment

Question 13

Scientific Method

Answer 13

• observation
• question
• hypothesis
• result
• conclusion

Question 14

All accepted information can be derived only from
carefully ______ and _______ _________ or _________.

Answer 14

documented and controlled observations or
experiments

Question 15

Claims emanating from deities, priests, prophets, and
revelations ________ __ _______ ________ ; they
must be subjected to verification and proof.

Answer 15

cannot be accepted automatically

Question 16

This separates science from ________.

Answer 16

religion

Question 17

Only ________ and objects that can be observed and
studied are dealt with; claims of supernatural forces
that cannot be seen or physically felt or tested must be
________.

Answer 17

• phenomena
• rejected

Question 18

All proposed explanations of natural phenomena must
be tested and verified; if they cannot be tested by
currently available means, they must be viewed with
__________.

Answer 18

skepticism

Question 19

Many things cannot yet be explained, but _________
assume that someday we will have __________ to
observe and measure the mechanisms behind such
phenomena.

Answer 19

• scientists
• instruments

Question 20

Life on Earth began about __ ______ years ago. At first, living organisms were simple, like present-day bacteria, in both their metabolism and structure.

Answer 20

3.5 billion

Question 21

Over thousands of
millions of years cells gradually
increased in complexity through _________
by natural selection.

Answer 21

evolution

Question 22

As organisms reproduce, their
offspring differ slightly from
each other in their features—
they are ___ _______.

Answer 22

not identical

Question 23

Offspring with features that
make them poorly adapted to
the habitat probably do not
grow well and reproduce _____
if they live long enough to
become mature.

Answer 23

poorly

Question 24

Offspring with features that cause them to be ____-_______ grow well and reproduce abundantly, passing on the beneficial features to their own offspring. This is called _______ _________.

Answer 24

• well-adapted
• natural selection

Question 25

New features come about periodically by _________, and _______ _________ determines which new features are eliminated and which are passed on to future
generations.

Answer 25

• mutations
• natural selection

Question 26

More than ________ species of plants exist today.

Answer 26

400,000

Question 27

An unknown number of species, perhaps also several
hundred thousand, existed at one time but have become _______.

Answer 27

extinct

Question 28

For any particular aspect of the environment, many types
of ________ are possible.

Answer 28

adaptation

Question 29

There is not one ______, _________, _______ adaptation.

Answer 29

• single
• exclusive
• perfect

Question 30

Mutations that cause leaves to drop in autumn and
mutations that cause bark to develop on all exposed parts of the stem reduce the surface area through which water is lost; such mutations are ___________ in this environment and many species have these adaptations.

Answer 30

advantageous