Classification of Plants Based on Ecology, Medicinal Values and Pharmaceutical Properties

Question 1

examines the
relationships between plants and their
physical and biotic environment

Answer 1

Plant ecology

Question 2

Plants are mostly _______ and
photosynthetic organisms, and must
attain their light, water, and nutrient
resources directly from the immediate
environment.

Answer 2

sessile

Question 3

Plants synthesize hundreds of chemical
compounds for functions including defense
against _______, _____, ________, and
___________ _______.

Answer 3

insects, fungi, diseases, and
herbivorous mammals

Question 4

Numerous _____________ with potential or
established biological activity have been
identified. However, since a single plant contains
widely diverse these are, the effects of
using a whole plant as medicine are uncertain.

Answer 4

phytochemicals

Question 5

DOH Approved Sampung
Halamang Gamot

Answer 5

• bayabas
• akapulkpo
• bawang
• yerba buena
• pansit-pansitan
• lagundi
• ampalaya
• niyog-niyugan
• tsaang gubat
• sambong

Question 6

Lagundi or Dangla (Ilocano)

Answer 6

Vitex negundo

Question 7

Ulasimang-bato or pansit-pansitan

Answer 7

Peperomia Pellucida

Question 8

Guava or bayabas

Answer 8

Psidium guajava

Question 9

Garlic or Bawang

Answer 9

Allium sativum

Question 10

Sambong

Answer 10

Blumea balsamifera

Question 11

Akapulko

Answer 11

Cassia alata

Question 12

Niyog-niyogan

Answer 12

Quisqualis indica L.

Question 13

Tsaang Gubat

Answer 13

Carmona retusa or Ehretia microphylla

Question 14

Ampalaya

Answer 14

Momordica Charantia

Question 15

Yerba Buena

Answer 15

Clinopodium douglasii

Question 16

A ________ _____ is a plant that is used with the
intention of maintaining health, to be administered
for a specific condition, or both, whether in modern
medicine or in traditional medicine

Answer 16

medicinal plant

Question 17

produced during secondary vegetal metabolism are usually responsible for the biological properties of some plant species used throughout the globe for various purposes, including treatment of infectious diseases

Answer 17

Active compounds

Question 18

Natural products are often divided into two major classes:

Answer 18

• Primary metabolites
• Secondary metabolites

Question 19

organic molecules that have an intrinsic function that is essential to the survival of the organism that produces them (i.e. the organism would die without these metabolites)

Answer 19

Primary metabolites

Question 20

Core building block molecules (nucleic acids, amino acids, sugars,
and fatty acids) required to make the major macromolecules
(DNA, RNA, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids) responsible for
sustaining life.

Answer 20

examples of primary metabolites

Question 21

organic molecules that typically have an extrinsic function that mainly affects other organisms outside of the producer

Answer 21

Secondary metabolites

Question 22

Secondary metabolites are ___ _________ __ ________ but do
increase the competitiveness of the organism within its
environment.

Answer 22

not essential to survival

Question 23

examples of secondary metabolites

Answer 23

• Alkaloids
• Phenylpropanoids
• Polyketides
• Terpenoids
• Flavonoids
• Isoprenoid

Question 24

bitter-tasting chemicals, very widespread in
nature, and often toxic, found in many medicinal plants

Answer 24

Alkaloids

Question 25

secondary metabolites that contain nitrogen as a
component of their organic structure

Answer 25

Alkaloids

Question 26

• Atropine
• Scopolamine
• Hyoscyamine
• Berberine
• Caffeine
• Cocaine
• Ephedrine
• Morphine
• Nicotine
• Reserpine
• Quinidine
• Vincristine
  are examples of?

Answer 26

Alkaloids

Question 27

Found in medicinal plants
such as rhubarb, cascara, and Alexandrian senna.
Plant-based laxatives made from such plants include
senna, rhubarb and Aloe.

Answer 27

Anthraquinone glycosides

Question 28

• powerful drugs from medicinal plants including foxglove and lily of the
  valley
• include digoxin and digitoxin which support
  the beating of the heart, and act as diuretics

Answer 28

cardiac glycosides

Question 29

widespread in plants, having diverse roles in defenses against plant diseases and predators

Answer 29

Polyphenols

Question 30

They include hormone-mimicking phytoestrogens and astringent
tannins.

Answer 30

Polyphenols

Question 31

Plants containing phytoestrogens have been administered for
centuries for gynecological disorders, such as _________, ________,
and __________ _______.

Answer 31

fertility, menstrual, and menopausal problems

Question 32

Many ____________ ________, such as from grape seeds, olives or
maritime pine bark, are sold as dietary supplements and cosmetics
without proof or legal health claims for beneficial health effects.

Answer 32

polyphenolic extracts

Question 33

a diverse family of organic compounds that are synthesized from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine

Answer 33

Phenylpropanoids

Question 34

one of the volatile flavor molecules found in cinnamon is a phenylpropanoid

Answer 34

Cinnamic acid

Question 35

assembled from the building blocks of acetate
and malonate to form large, complex structures

Answer 35

Polyketides

Question 36

a polyketide structure produced by fungi from
the Aspergillus genus

Answer 36

Alflatoxin B1

Question 37

constructed from 5-carbon monomer units called isoprene

Answer 37

Terpenoids

Question 38

is assembled from multiple repeating isoprene units

Answer 38

Natural rubber

Question 39

found in a variety of medicinal plants and in resinous plants such as
the conifers

Answer 39

Terpenes and terpenoids

Question 40

strongly aromatic and serve to repel herbivores

Answer 40

Terpenes

Question 41

Their scent makes them useful in essential oils, whether
for perfumes such as rose and lavender, or for
aromatherapy.

Answer 41

Terpenes

Question 42

is an antiseptic and was once used as a vermifuge (anti-worm
medicine)

Answer 42

thymol (example of terpenes)