Growth and development - endocrine problems and childhood

Question 1

what is important to ensure?

Answer 1

to measure children correctly

Question 2

how to measure height?

Answer 2

using stadiometer

Question 3

what to remember when measuring height?

Answer 3

must be calibrated everyday
no socks/shoes
deep breath
measurement at closest mm

Question 4

OFC?

Answer 4

occipital-frontal circumference

Question 5

what are condition-specific growth charts?

Answer 5

allows child’s growth to be compared with historical/typical values

Question 6

MPH?

Answer 6

Mid Parental Height - growth chart - allows child’s height to be compared to parents’ height

Question 7

BMI?

Answer 7

body mass index

Question 8

Bone Age?

Answer 8

TW 20

high quality radiographs needed

Question 9

which method is used for staging puberty?

Answer 9

Tanner Method

Question 10

describe Tanner method

Answer 10

B,G,PH,AH,T
B - breast (1-5)
G - Genital development (1-5)
PH - Pubic Hair (1-5)
AH - axially hair (1-3)
Testicular volume (2-20)

Question 11

testicular matriculation?

Answer 11

use Prader Orchidometer, 4+ = puberty

Question 12

history and examinations?

Answer 12

birth weight gestation
PMH
FH
SH
Schooling
systematic enquiry 
dysmorphic features (syndromes)
systemic examinations

Question 13

normal growth process girls?

Answer 13

early growth spurt -

breast > GS > period

Question 14

normal growth process boys?

Answer 14

later growth spurt

testicular growth > penile growth > GS > facial & body hair

Question 15

what is normal with obese children?

Answer 15

increased height

Question 16

why girls shorter than boys?

Answer 16

girls have earlier growth spurt

Question 17

what are indications for referral?

Answer 17

extreme height
height below target 
abnormal height velocity 
history of chronic disease
obvious dysmorphic syndrome 
early/late puberty

Question 18

3 reasons for being short?

Answer 18

familial - genetics
constitutional - late to puberty
SGA/IUGR

Question 19

pathological reasons for being short?

Answer 19

undernutrition
chronic illnesses  (coeliac)
iatrogenic (steroids)
psychological & social deprivations
Turner's syndrome

Question 20

Name 4 conditions needing growth hormone treatment?

Answer 20

thyroid deficiency
glucocorticosteroid excess
Prader-Willi syndrome
Noonan’s syndrome