Growth and development - endocrine problems and childhood Flashcards
what is important to ensure?
to measure children correctly
how to measure height?
using stadiometer
what to remember when measuring height?
must be calibrated everyday
no socks/shoes
deep breath
measurement at closest mm
OFC?
occipital-frontal circumference
what are condition-specific growth charts?
allows child’s growth to be compared with historical/typical values
MPH?
Mid Parental Height - growth chart - allows child’s height to be compared to parents’ height
BMI?
body mass index
Bone Age?
TW 20
high quality radiographs needed
which method is used for staging puberty?
Tanner Method
describe Tanner method
B,G,PH,AH,T B - breast (1-5) G - Genital development (1-5) PH - Pubic Hair (1-5) AH - axially hair (1-3) Testicular volume (2-20)
testicular matriculation?
use Prader Orchidometer, 4+ = puberty
history and examinations?
birth weight gestation PMH FH SH Schooling systematic enquiry dysmorphic features (syndromes) systemic examinations
normal growth process girls?
early growth spurt -
breast > GS > period
normal growth process boys?
later growth spurt
testicular growth > penile growth > GS > facial & body hair
what is normal with obese children?
increased height
why girls shorter than boys?
girls have earlier growth spurt
what are indications for referral?
extreme height height below target abnormal height velocity history of chronic disease obvious dysmorphic syndrome early/late puberty
3 reasons for being short?
familial - genetics
constitutional - late to puberty
SGA/IUGR
pathological reasons for being short?
undernutrition chronic illnesses (coeliac) iatrogenic (steroids) psychological & social deprivations Turner's syndrome
Name 4 conditions needing growth hormone treatment?
thyroid deficiency
glucocorticosteroid excess
Prader-Willi syndrome
Noonan’s syndrome
