group dynamics Flashcards
what is a group
a group is a collection of indivduals who have relations to one another that make them interdependent to some signifgiant degree.
4 key requirements of a group
interaction, mutual awareness, interdependence and continuity over time.
what do you need to consider in order to maximise group performance
do not necessarily get the 7 best netball players in New Zealand. you need to consider group processes in order to understand. like leadership and cohesion.
what does actual productivity =
potential productivity + losses due to faulty process.
what is actual productivity
what the group actually does (ie., performance )
what is potential productivity
group’s best possible performance given the resources relevant to the task & the demands of that task.
process
everything the group does while transforming its resources into a product (performance)
faulty process
the ineffective use of available resources to meet task demands. through both
(i) coordination Losses: e.g. poor timing, teamwork or strategy
(ii) motivation Losses: occur when some or all members of the group lack effort and desire.
ringlemann effect
Average individual performance decreases with increases in group size.
why does the ringlemann effect work
not due to coordination losses but due to social loafing (motivational losses)
social loafing
reduced individual effort when performing as part of a group. can cause lack of accountability in a group.
what can decrease social loafing
Monitoring individual performances can decrease social loafing, then social incentives can increase individual effort in groups.
social incentives: peer pressure from teammates, praise/recognition, social approval, (see goal orientations) and social support.
cohesion
Coaches refer to cohesion as “team unity”, “team spirit”
Carron’s Model of Cohesion (1982, 2010):
A dynamic process which reflects the tendency for a group to stick together while perusing is goal and objectives.
what does the carrons model of cohesion emohasise?
the dynamic nature of cohesion: it is constantly changing in response to group goals and in response to both individual and group conflicts, and the resolution of those conflicts.
two dimensions associated with team cohesion
social and task
Social Cohesion
reflects the degree to which the members of a team like each other and enjoy being together.
a high social cohesion can lead to better communication and support among team members.
task cohesion
reflects the degree to which members of a team work together to achieve a common task.
==> High task cohesion can lead to improved performance and efficiency in achieving team goals.
does cohesiveness positively relate to team success.
yes BUT it is not that straightforward.
when is the RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COHESION & SPORT PERFORMANCE pos
Team sports with high levels of interdependence (e.g., basketball, soccer). Teams that emphasize both social and task cohesion.
when is the RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COHESION & SPORT PERFORMANCE negative
Situations where high social cohesion did not translate into effective task performance (e.g., when personal relationships hindered performance).
coactive teams
members perform independent tasks simultaneously (e.g., track and field, swimming).
interactive teams
coordinated action required for performance success (e.g., basketball, soccer).
reactive and proctive dependence teams
one member initiates action; another responds (e.g., quarterback and receiver in football).
collective teams
members share responsibility for successful performance (e.g., rowing, volleyball).
