group 1/group 7 /group 0 and transition metals

Question 1

what is group 1 also referred as

Answer 1

alkali metals

Question 2

how many electrons do group 1 have in their outer energy level

Answer 2

1

Question 3

what are the properties of the group 1 alkali metals

Answer 3

– soft
- relativly low melting/boiling points ( alkali metals melt at low temperatures )
-low density
-highly reactive with oxygen , chlorine and water
- when they react they all form a 1+ charge

Question 4

how do the group 1 metals react with oxygen

Answer 4

lithium = reacts rapidly with oxygen
sodium = reacts more rapidly with oxygen than lithium
potassium = reacts even more rapidly with oxygen than sodium / lithium

conclusion: group 1 react rapidly with oxygen BUT as you move down the group the elements react more rapidly

Question 5

what does group 1 react rapidly with

Answer 5

chlorine , oxygen,water

Question 6

how do group 1 react with water

Answer 6

lithium = reacts rapidly + violently with water - see effervescence and bubbling

sodium = more violent/ rapid than lithium-

potassium = extremely rapid and violent

Question 7

why does group 1 reactivity increase as you go down

Answer 7

the radius of the atoms increases - so there is a greater distance between the positive nucleus and the negative outer electron, as distance increases the outer electron is less attracted to the nucleus = make the outer electron easier to lose

ALSO, the outer electron is repelled by electrons in the internal energy levels ( this is called shielding ) = decreasing the attraction between the nucleus and outer electron, as you go down group 1 the elements have more electrons in the internal energy levels therefore shielding increases as you go down

Question 8

what are the group 0 also referred as

Answer 8

noble gases

Question 9

what type of elements are noble gases

Answer 9

unreactive elements

Question 10

why are noble gases unreactive

Answer 10

atoms are only stable when they have a full outer energy level- as each element in grp 0 has a full outer shell they are unreactive as they dont lose/gain and electrons

Question 11

why are group 0 elements gases at room temperature

Answer 11

because all grp 0 have boiling points lower than room temperature

Question 12

what happens to the boiling point of group 0 as you go down the group

Answer 12

boiling point increases as relative atomic mass increases

Question 13

what is group 7 also referred as

Answer 13

halogens

Question 14

what type of metals are group 7

Answer 14

non metals

Question 15

how are group 7 molecules bonded to eachother

Answer 15

by 2 atoms joined covalently

Question 16

what happens to the melting point and boiling point of group 7 as you go down the group

Answer 16

increases

Question 17

how can we use group 7 melting / boiling points to determine if an elemnt is gas, liquid / solid

Answer 17

if boiling point is less than room temp (20) then it is a gas

Question 18

what state is it in if thge boiling point is lower than 20 degrees

Answer 18

gas

Question 19

what state is it in if the melting point is lower than room temperature

Answer 19

liquid

Question 20

what state is it in if the melting point / boiling point are both higher than room temperature

Answer 20

solid

Question 21

what happens to the relative molecular msas as you go down group 7

Answer 21

increases ( the molecules get bigger )

Question 22

what is the product of the reaction between 2 non - metals

Answer 22

a covalent compound

Question 23

what is an ion

Answer 23

an atom with an overall charge

Question 24

what is the product of a reaction between a non metal and a metal ( a halogen)

Answer 24

an ionic compound

Question 25

what happens to the reactivity of the elements as you go down group 7

Answer 25

decreases

Question 26

why does the reactivity decrease as you go down group 7

Question 27

a ———— reactive halogen can displace a ———— reactive halogen from an aqueous solution of its salt

Answer 27

more , less

example:

sodium bromide + flourine –>?

flourine is more reactive than bromine so th ereaction becomes

= sodium bromide + flourine –> sodium flouride + bromine ( flourine displaced bromine)

Question 28

what are the properties of the transition metals

Answer 28

• hard and strong
• all have high melting points ( except mercury which is liquid at room temp)
  -high density
• much less reactive than group 1 ( transition metals react slowly with oxygen , chlorine and water )
  -form ions with different charge
  -form coloured compounds
  -useful as catalysts